Publication: Ünye - Fatsa Arasının (Ordu) Karst Ekolojisi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Ünye - Fatsa (Ordu) arasının karst ekolojisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma alanı, Karadeniz Bölgesi'nin Orta Karadeniz Bölümün'de, Ordu ili'nin, Ünye ve Fatsa ilçeleri arasında yer almaktadır. Çalışma sahası Üst Kreatese-Paleosene ait karstik kireçtaşlarının Cura Deresi ile Elekçi Deresi arasındaki yayılışı ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Çalışma hazırlanırken, ofis, saha ve labaratuvar çalışmaları birlikte kullanılmıştır. Sahanın altlık haritaları ArcGIS 10.5 programı kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Araziden bitki ve toprak örnekleri alınmış; bitkiler preslenerek teşhiş edilmiş, kayaç ve toprak örneklerinin ise kimyasal ve fiziksel analizleri yapılmış ve yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sahası toprak ve yoğun bitki örtüsü ile kaplıdır. Bu özelliği ile saha örtülü karst özelliği göstermektedir. Morfolojik yapısı, hidroğrafik özellikleri, bitki tür ve çeşitliliği ile saha, kendine has bir ekosistem oluşturmuştur. Araştırma sahası yüzey ve derinlik karstına ait birçok şekil barındırır. Bu şekilleri lapyalar, dolinler, karstik kaynaklar ve mağaralar oluşturmaktadır. Bu şekillerden en yaygınını ise dolinler meydana getirir. Saha da 240 dolin tespit edilmiştir. Dolinlerin yamaç ve tabanları arasındaki toprak özelliklerinde ise farklılaşmalar mevcuttur. Dolinler içerisinde antropojenik baskı yoğundur. Bu dolinlerden 122 tanesinin bitki örtüsü tamamen değiştirilmiştir. 102 tanesi kısmen değiştirilmiş, 16 tanesi ise doğal özelliklerini korumuştur. Ayrıca yoğun bitki örtüsü ile kaplı olan sahada 88 familya, 538 tür ve tür altı takson tespit edilmiştir. 538 türden 11'i endemiktir. Tür sayısının dolin içlerinde arttığı görülmüştür. Araştırma sahası tarım, yerleşme, turizm ve madencilik gibi farklı amaçlarla kullanılmaktadır. Değişik kullanıma imkan sunan bu saha beşeri baskıya maruz kalmaktadır. Hassas ve kırılgan bir ekosisteme sahip olduğu için özelliğini kaybetmekte çok kolay kirlenebilmektedir. Bu soruna dönük olarak saha için uygun bir ekolojik planlama yapılmalı ve yöre halkının bu doğrultuda sahadan yararlanması sağlanmalıdır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Örtülü Karst, Dolin, Ekoloji, Ünye - Fatsa, Ordu, Karadeniz.
In this study, the karst ecology of Ünye - Fatsa (Ordu) was investigated. The study area is located in the Central Black Sea Region of the Black Sea Region, between the Ünye and Fatsa districts of Ordu province. The study area is limited by the distribution of Upper Createceous-Paleocene karstic limestones between Cura Stream and Elekçi Stream. While preparing the study, office, field and laboratory studies were used together. Basemaps of the site were created using ArcGIS 10.5 program. Plant and soil samples were taken from the field; plants were identified by pressing, chemical and physical analyzes of rock and soil samples were made and interpreted. The research area is covered with soil and dense vegetation. With this feature, the field shows a covered karst feature. With its morphological structure, hydrographic features, plant species and diversity, the site has created a unique ecosystem. The research area contains many shapes of surface and depth karst. These forms consist of lapia, doline, karst springs and caves. The most common of these shapes is dolines. 240 dolines were detected in the field. There are differences in the soil properties between the slopes and bases of the dolines. Anthropogenic pressure is intense within the dolines. The vegetation of 122 of these dolines has been completely changed. 102 of them were partially modified and 16 of them preserved their natural characteristics. In addition, 88 families, 538 species and subspecies taxa were identified in the area covered with dense vegetation. 11 of 538 species are endemic. It was observed that the number of species increased in the doline. The research area is used for different purposes such as agriculture, settlement, tourism and mining. This field, which offers different uses, is exposed to human pressure. Since it has a sensitive and fragile ecosystem, it loses its properties and can be polluted very easily. For this problem, an appropriate ecological planning should be made for the site and the local people should be provided to benefit from the site in this direction. Keywords: Covered Karst, Doline, Ecology, Ünye - Fatsa, Ordu, Black Sea.
In this study, the karst ecology of Ünye - Fatsa (Ordu) was investigated. The study area is located in the Central Black Sea Region of the Black Sea Region, between the Ünye and Fatsa districts of Ordu province. The study area is limited by the distribution of Upper Createceous-Paleocene karstic limestones between Cura Stream and Elekçi Stream. While preparing the study, office, field and laboratory studies were used together. Basemaps of the site were created using ArcGIS 10.5 program. Plant and soil samples were taken from the field; plants were identified by pressing, chemical and physical analyzes of rock and soil samples were made and interpreted. The research area is covered with soil and dense vegetation. With this feature, the field shows a covered karst feature. With its morphological structure, hydrographic features, plant species and diversity, the site has created a unique ecosystem. The research area contains many shapes of surface and depth karst. These forms consist of lapia, doline, karst springs and caves. The most common of these shapes is dolines. 240 dolines were detected in the field. There are differences in the soil properties between the slopes and bases of the dolines. Anthropogenic pressure is intense within the dolines. The vegetation of 122 of these dolines has been completely changed. 102 of them were partially modified and 16 of them preserved their natural characteristics. In addition, 88 families, 538 species and subspecies taxa were identified in the area covered with dense vegetation. 11 of 538 species are endemic. It was observed that the number of species increased in the doline. The research area is used for different purposes such as agriculture, settlement, tourism and mining. This field, which offers different uses, is exposed to human pressure. Since it has a sensitive and fragile ecosystem, it loses its properties and can be polluted very easily. For this problem, an appropriate ecological planning should be made for the site and the local people should be provided to benefit from the site in this direction. Keywords: Covered Karst, Doline, Ecology, Ünye - Fatsa, Ordu, Black Sea.
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