Publication: Şiirin Özgünlüğü Bağlamında Poetika Sorunu
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Şiirin özgünlüğünü ihmal eden normatif, deskriptif ve anti-poetikacı poetika anlayışları, yirminci asırda soncu ve nihilistik teorilere zemin teşkil etmeye başlar. Bu anlayışlarda özgünlük ya şiirin üzerinde sabit bir dini, felsefi ve ahlaki gerçeklikte ya şiirin nesnel formel özelliklerinde ya da okurda uyandırdığı öznel tesirlerde aranmaktadır. Bu anlayışlar şiir ve poetika ilişkisini birini diğerine önceleyerek, tahakküm uygular tarzda gördükleri müddetçe, özgünlük ya okurun ya da şiirin ferdiyetini dışlayan bir hiyerarşi sorununa dönüşmektedir. Bu sorunu aşmanın yolu ise hermenötik perspektiften hareketle, özgünlüğün okurla şiir arasında soru-cevap yapısında gerçekleşen diyalogda, zamansal ve anonim olarak açığa çıkmakta olduğunu fark etmekten geçer. Bu ilişkiselliğin sağladığı dilin yaratıcılığı, kişinin kendisiyle yüzleşmesi ve geleceğe hazırlanma fikri, poetika tarihinin köklü mimesis, ifade ve gösterge kavramlarının da daha doğru şekilde yeniden yorumlanmasına imkân verir. Bu bağlamda poetika geleneğinde edebi modellerin taklidine ve orijinalite karşıtlığına indirgenmiş mimesis kavramı öteki ile diyalog ve taklit etme güçlüğünde açığa çıkan yaratıcı taklit; dışsal bir gerçekliğin dilsel tahrifi ve onun alegorik restorasyonu sorununa indirgenmiş ifade kavramı, eserin dünyasının okura gözünün önünde gerçekleşme tecrübesi yaşatan ışıyan imgesi ve bu imge sayesinde kişinin kendisiyle ahlaki yüzleşmesi; daima dışarıda bir nesne ve olayı ya da tam tersine kendi linguistik yapısını işaret eder tarzda araçsallık ve kendindelik kategorisine indirgenmiş gösterge kavramı okurun belirsiz gelecekten umut duyma ve geleceğe hazırlanma anlamlarıyla rehabilite edilmiştir.
Normative, descriptive, and anti-poetic understandings of the concept of poetics, which neglect the notion of uniqueness of a poem, have paved way teleological and nihilistic theories in the 20th century. In these approaches, the notion of uniqueness of a poem was reduced either to prefixed religious, philosophical, and ethical ideas of reality which transcends the poem, or to objective-formal aspects of the poem, or to the effects of it on the readers. Since they usually take the relationship between a poem and poetics as a problem of priority which yields necessarily a problem of suppression of one by the other, the phenomenon of uniqueness of poem is turned to be a space of hierarchy among the individuality of reader and originality of poem. It will be claimed from the hermeneutical perspective that: in order to transcendent those above-mentioned problems, uniqueness and thus originality of a poem should be looked for within the dialogical relation, which has the structure of question and answer between a poem and its readers, where uniqueness reveals itself as a temporal and anonym process. Within the above dialogical relation, the creative language of poem becomes a medium in which reader is able to have a reflective thinking so as to develop a moral consciousness for his/her future existential condition. Moreover, this situation allows us to reconsider the time-honored conceptions of the history of poetics, like mimesis, expression, and sign, in a more correct and meaningful way. In other word, the notion of mimesis, which was taken to be an imitation of literary models and negative image of the original in the tradition of poetics, is rehabilitated to dialogue with other and creative reproduction of the original, which otherwise remains in its darkness; the notion of expression, which was reduced to lingual deformation of outer reality and its allegorical restoration, is rehabilitated to enárgeia as vivid or lightning image of world of poem, by which reader is able to experience its meaning before himself/herself and thus develop a moral consciousness in front of it; the notion of sign, which was reduced to a reference for exterior being and event, or to its own linguistic structure, and hence to the category of instrument where it appears to be something standing in itself and for others, is rehabilitated to an openness where reader gains his /her hope and gets prepared for the future.
Normative, descriptive, and anti-poetic understandings of the concept of poetics, which neglect the notion of uniqueness of a poem, have paved way teleological and nihilistic theories in the 20th century. In these approaches, the notion of uniqueness of a poem was reduced either to prefixed religious, philosophical, and ethical ideas of reality which transcends the poem, or to objective-formal aspects of the poem, or to the effects of it on the readers. Since they usually take the relationship between a poem and poetics as a problem of priority which yields necessarily a problem of suppression of one by the other, the phenomenon of uniqueness of poem is turned to be a space of hierarchy among the individuality of reader and originality of poem. It will be claimed from the hermeneutical perspective that: in order to transcendent those above-mentioned problems, uniqueness and thus originality of a poem should be looked for within the dialogical relation, which has the structure of question and answer between a poem and its readers, where uniqueness reveals itself as a temporal and anonym process. Within the above dialogical relation, the creative language of poem becomes a medium in which reader is able to have a reflective thinking so as to develop a moral consciousness for his/her future existential condition. Moreover, this situation allows us to reconsider the time-honored conceptions of the history of poetics, like mimesis, expression, and sign, in a more correct and meaningful way. In other word, the notion of mimesis, which was taken to be an imitation of literary models and negative image of the original in the tradition of poetics, is rehabilitated to dialogue with other and creative reproduction of the original, which otherwise remains in its darkness; the notion of expression, which was reduced to lingual deformation of outer reality and its allegorical restoration, is rehabilitated to enárgeia as vivid or lightning image of world of poem, by which reader is able to experience its meaning before himself/herself and thus develop a moral consciousness in front of it; the notion of sign, which was reduced to a reference for exterior being and event, or to its own linguistic structure, and hence to the category of instrument where it appears to be something standing in itself and for others, is rehabilitated to an openness where reader gains his /her hope and gets prepared for the future.
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Tez (doktora) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2018
Libra Kayıt No: 122589
Libra Kayıt No: 122589
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