Publication: Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği Turizm Politikalarının Karşılaştırılması
Abstract
Turizm sektörü ülkelerin kültürel, sosyal, siyasi ve ekonomik gelişimlerinde önemli bir rol üstlenmektedir. Özellikle ülkelerin ekonomik problemlerine karşı çözüm kaynağı olarak görülen önemli bir sektör konumundadır. Dolayısıyla ülkeler turizm sektöründen en fazla payı almak adına turizm politikaları kapsamında hedefler belirlemektedirler. Turizm politikaları sektördeki paydaşlar ile iş birliği içerisinde bulunarak hükümetler tarafından belirlenen plan ve stratejilerdir. Uluslararası turizm hareketlerinde ve toplam turizm gelirinde en büyük pay Avrupa kıtasındadır. Dünya Turizm Örgütü (UNWTO) 2021 istatistiklerinde turizm varışlarının %78 gibi ciddi bir oranı Avrupa'ya yapılmıştır. Avrupa kıtasının en önemli ve yönlendirici gücü olan Avrupa Birliği birçok ekonomik alanda olduğu gibi turizmde de yenilikleri belirleyen, üye ülkeler ile turizm sektörünü yöneten önemli bir role sahiptir. Türkiye'nin gerek Avrupa Birliği ile ilişkileri gerekse turizm pazarının önemli bir bölümünün Avrupa kıtasının oluşturması, Avrupa Birliği'nin turizme ilişkin yaklaşımlarını yakından takip etmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği'ne üye olma isteği ve ülke turizm pazarının önemli bir bölümünün Avrupa kaynaklı olması Avrupa Birliği'nin turizme olan yaklaşımını Türkiye turizmi için önemli kılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma Avrupa Birliği ve üye ülkeler ile Türkiye turizm politikalarının karşılaştırılmasını ve Dünya Turizm Örgütü istatistikleri çerçevesinde Türkiye'nin başlıca rakipleri olan Fransa, İspanya ve İtalya turizm politikaları ile Türkiye turizm politikalarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman anlizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın konusu gereği söz konusu ülkelerin politikalarına yönelik sistematik literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda Avrupa Birliği ve üye ülkeler ile Türkiye turizm politikalarının büyük oranda benzerlik göstermesine rağmen uygulama yönünde bazı farklılıkların olduğu görülmüştür. Dolayısıyla Türkiye'nin rakipleri karşısında yetersiz kaldığı noktalar tespit edilerek Türkiye politika yapıcılara öneriler sunulmuştur.
The tourism sector plays an important role in the cultural, social, political and economic development of countries. It is an important sector that is seen as a solution source especially against the economic problems of countries. Therefore, countries set targets within the scope of tourism policies in order to get the largest share from the tourism sector. Tourism policies are plans and strategies determined by governments in cooperation with the stakeholders in the sector. The largest share in international tourism movements and total tourism income is in the European continent. In the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) 2021 statistics, a significant 78% of tourism arrivals were made to Europe. The European Union, which is the most important and guiding power of the European continent, has an important role in determining innovations in tourism, as well as in many economic areas, and managing the tourism sector with its member countries. Turkey's relations with the European Union and the fact that the European continent constitutes a significant part of the tourism market necessitate the European Union to closely follow its approaches to tourism. Turkey's desire to become a member of the European Union and the fact that a significant part of the country's tourism market originates from Europe makes the European Union's approach to tourism important for Turkish tourism. In this direction, the study aims to compare the tourism policies of the European Union and member countries and Turkey, and to compare the tourism policies of France, Spain and Italy, which are the main competitors of Turkey, with the tourism policies of Turkey within the framework of the statistics of the World Tourism Organization. In line with the purpose of the study, document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. In accordance with the subject of the research, a systematic literature review was conducted on the policies of the countries in question. As a result of the study, although the tourism policies of the European Union and its member countries and Turkey are largely similar, it has been seen that there are some differences in terms of implementation. Therefore, the points where Turkey is insufficient against its rivals have been determined and suggestions have been presented to policy makers in Turkey.
The tourism sector plays an important role in the cultural, social, political and economic development of countries. It is an important sector that is seen as a solution source especially against the economic problems of countries. Therefore, countries set targets within the scope of tourism policies in order to get the largest share from the tourism sector. Tourism policies are plans and strategies determined by governments in cooperation with the stakeholders in the sector. The largest share in international tourism movements and total tourism income is in the European continent. In the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) 2021 statistics, a significant 78% of tourism arrivals were made to Europe. The European Union, which is the most important and guiding power of the European continent, has an important role in determining innovations in tourism, as well as in many economic areas, and managing the tourism sector with its member countries. Turkey's relations with the European Union and the fact that the European continent constitutes a significant part of the tourism market necessitate the European Union to closely follow its approaches to tourism. Turkey's desire to become a member of the European Union and the fact that a significant part of the country's tourism market originates from Europe makes the European Union's approach to tourism important for Turkish tourism. In this direction, the study aims to compare the tourism policies of the European Union and member countries and Turkey, and to compare the tourism policies of France, Spain and Italy, which are the main competitors of Turkey, with the tourism policies of Turkey within the framework of the statistics of the World Tourism Organization. In line with the purpose of the study, document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. In accordance with the subject of the research, a systematic literature review was conducted on the policies of the countries in question. As a result of the study, although the tourism policies of the European Union and its member countries and Turkey are largely similar, it has been seen that there are some differences in terms of implementation. Therefore, the points where Turkey is insufficient against its rivals have been determined and suggestions have been presented to policy makers in Turkey.
Description
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
Start Page
End Page
127
