Long-Term Outcomes of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Single-Center Experience

Abstract

Objective: To present our long-term follow-up data from patients with kidney stones and chronic kidney disease to identify the factors that could help predict the likelihood of long-term deterioration in renal function. Methods: From January 2002 to July 2010, we performed 1117 percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) procedures in 1051 patients. We retrospectively analyzed 69 PNL procedures for 67 patients (47 men and 20 women) in whom the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2. Two outcomes were measured. The percentage of change in the eGFR was measured comparing the preoperative and postoperative values. A 5% change in renal function was arbitrarily chosen to divide the population into 3 groups: group 1, an eGFR change of ≤5%; group 2, an eGFR increase of >5%; and group 3, an eGFR decrease of <5%. The second outcome measure was the presence of chronic kidney disease progressing in the first and consecutive years. Results: The mean patient age was 57 ± 14.1 years. The complication rate was 23.1% using the Clavien classification. The mean follow-up time was 45.7 ± 17.08 months. The mean eGFR before and after PNL was 37.9 ± 14.05 and 45.1 ± 16.8, respectively. Diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 15.82, P =.036) and urinary infection (odds ratio 10.6, P =.04) were predictive of renal function deterioration at 1 year on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: PNL in patients with chronic kidney disease is safe and results in renal function preservation for a 5-year period. Diabetes mellitus and urinary infection were independent predictive of renal function impairment. Therefore, patients with diabetes mellitus and urinary tract infection should be followed up carefully and informed about hazardous potential of those diseases. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.