Publication: Samsun-Karadeniz Kıyı Şeridinde Çeşitli Organik Kirleticilerin Yüzey Sedimanlarında ve Suda İzlenmesi
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SAMSUN-KARADENİZ KIYI ŞERİDİNDE ÇEŞİTLİ ORGANİK KİRLETİCİLERİN YÜZEY SEDİMANLARINDA ve SUDA İZLENMESİ ÖZET Bu tez çalışmasında, Orta Karadeniz kıyı şeridi ve bu kıyı şeridine dökülen Yeşilırmak, Abdal, Mert, Kürtün, Engiz ve Kızılırmak'ın denizle birleştiği noktalara yakın ve bunun paralelinde deniz açığından alınan yüzey sediman ve su numunelerinde, organoklorlu pestist düzeyleri ile suda diğer kirlilik parametreleri belirlenerek,su ve sediman kalitesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Orta Karadeniz kıyı şeridi ve ırmaklarda yüzey sediman (dip çamur) araştırmasında, 15 değişik noktadan, yüzey sediman ve su numuneleri alınmıştır. Bridge-Ekman grab sediman örnekleyicisi ile toplanan, sediman.numuneleri sokslet cihazında ekstrakte edildikten sonra Gaz Kromatografisine enjekte edilerek, organoklorlu pestisitlerin (ctBHC, p-BHC, y-BHC, 8-BHC, heptaklor, heptaklor epoksit, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, endrin aldehit, p,p'- DDE, p.p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, endosülfan sülfat), PCB, (Aroklor 1254 ve Aroklor 1260) analizi yapılmıştır. Ayrıca Ekstrakte Olabilir Organik Madde ile % su miktarı, % organik madde miktarı, % porozite ve pH ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre sediman ve yüzeysel suların kaliteleri belirlenmiştir. Aldrin, özellikle deniz sedimanlarında 19.340 ng/g-87.334 ng/g değerleri arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanısıra deniz ve ırmak sediman tabakasında ortalama % su miktarının % 50.130-%72.908 değerleri arasında değiştiği, % porozite değerinin ise % 55.45-% 69.831 arasında değiştiği bulunmuştur Ayrıca % organik madde miktarı ise ortalama olarak %0.236-% 5.562 değerleri ile sediman tabakasında evsel ve tarımsal kirlilik birikim olduğunu göstermektedir Öte yandan, sediman numune alma noktalarına paralel olarak alınan su numunelerinde ise aynı organoklorlu pestisit türevleri ve BOl5, KOİ, AKM, T (°C), pH ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları Su Kirliliği Kontrol Yönetmeliği'nin Kjtaiçi Su Kaynaklarının Sınıflarına Göre Kalite Kriterleri esas alınarak incelendiğinde pestisit konsantrasyonlarının 1 |j,g/L'den daha düşük olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca alınan su numunelerinde kirlilik parametreleri de incelenerek, yapılan KOİ ve BOl5 sonuçlarıtüm ölçüm sonuçlarına göre Orta Karadeniz kıyı şeridine dökülen ırmaklar 2. Sınıf (8 mg/l- 50 mg/l), hatta 3. Sınıf (20 mg/l, 70 mg/l) kalite değerlendirilmesine girmektedir. Sonuç olarak tez çalışması boyunca yapılan su ve sediman çalışmalarının birbirinde ayrı düşünülmeyeceğini ve analizlerinin zaman profilindeki değişimlerinin daha net izlenmesi gerektiği saptanmıştır. Çünkü su analizlerinde rastlanılmayan veya düşük değerlerde bulunan çoğu kirlilik parametresi, sedimanın yüksek absorblama kapasitesi ve son katman yeri olması nedeniyle, bu tabakada daha yüksek değerde izlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sediman, Pestisit, Gaz Kromatografisi, Sediman Kalite Kriteri, Karadeniz
ABSTRACT In this thesis, it is aimed to determine the water and sediment quality at surface sediment and water samples which are collected from the coastal zone of the Middle Black Sea and the rivers discharging near to the Sea by analyzing their organochlorine pesticide levels and other routine water, parameters. For the surface sediment pollution investigation at the middle Black Sea coastal zone and rivers surface sediment and water samples from 15 different points are collected (Yeşilırmak, Abdal, Mert, Kürtün, Engiz ve Kızılırmak). Sediment samples collected with Bridge- Ekman grab sampler, are analzed for certain organochlorine pesticides (cc-BHC, (3-BHC, y-BHC, 8-BHC, heptachlor, heptachlor epokside, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, endrin aldehide, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, endosülfan sülfat)) and PCB (Arochlor 1254, and Arochlor 1260) after the samples are extracted at the soxhlet systems and injected to Gas Chromotography. In addition, extratable organic matter (EOM), % water content, % organic matter content, % porosity and pH analysis are also performed at the collected sediment samples. According to the obtained analytical data from these analysis, quality of sediment and waterbody are determined. Aldrin, especially at sea sediment samples are determined in between 19.340-87.334% ng/g levels. On the other hand average water content of samples it is determined at the sea and river sediment samples that are in between 50.130-72.908%, such as percent porosity varies in 55.45-69.831%. Besides, % organic matter content by varying in between 0.236-5.562% show us that there is a domestic and agricultural pollition at the sediment layer of these sampling points. Moreover, at the water samples which are collected parallel to the sediment sampling points, the same organochlorinated pesticides, PCBs, and routine water analysis such as BOD5, COD, TSS, T (°C) and pH are also done. As a consequence, analytical data obtained from pesticides are compared with water pollution controlIV legislation, Land-Based water quality classification such that pesticide concentration is under 1 p,g/L. However, according to the routine water pollution parameters such as COD and BOD5, all the sampled rivers which are discharged to the Middle Black Sea coast are in class 2 (8-50 mg/L) or even if class 3 (20-70 mg/L) quality. As a result, it is estabished in this thesis that water and sediment analysis should not be carried on seperately and the alterations of analysis in the time profile must be followed more precisely. Because most of the pollution parameters which are not observed or observed at very low levels in the water samples, would be established at high levels in the sediment layer because of higher absörbtivite capacitiy of this layer being a bottom layer in the waterbody. Key Words: Sedimenti Pesticides, Gas Chromotography, Sediment Quality Criteria, Black Sea
ABSTRACT In this thesis, it is aimed to determine the water and sediment quality at surface sediment and water samples which are collected from the coastal zone of the Middle Black Sea and the rivers discharging near to the Sea by analyzing their organochlorine pesticide levels and other routine water, parameters. For the surface sediment pollution investigation at the middle Black Sea coastal zone and rivers surface sediment and water samples from 15 different points are collected (Yeşilırmak, Abdal, Mert, Kürtün, Engiz ve Kızılırmak). Sediment samples collected with Bridge- Ekman grab sampler, are analzed for certain organochlorine pesticides (cc-BHC, (3-BHC, y-BHC, 8-BHC, heptachlor, heptachlor epokside, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, endrin aldehide, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, endosülfan sülfat)) and PCB (Arochlor 1254, and Arochlor 1260) after the samples are extracted at the soxhlet systems and injected to Gas Chromotography. In addition, extratable organic matter (EOM), % water content, % organic matter content, % porosity and pH analysis are also performed at the collected sediment samples. According to the obtained analytical data from these analysis, quality of sediment and waterbody are determined. Aldrin, especially at sea sediment samples are determined in between 19.340-87.334% ng/g levels. On the other hand average water content of samples it is determined at the sea and river sediment samples that are in between 50.130-72.908%, such as percent porosity varies in 55.45-69.831%. Besides, % organic matter content by varying in between 0.236-5.562% show us that there is a domestic and agricultural pollition at the sediment layer of these sampling points. Moreover, at the water samples which are collected parallel to the sediment sampling points, the same organochlorinated pesticides, PCBs, and routine water analysis such as BOD5, COD, TSS, T (°C) and pH are also done. As a consequence, analytical data obtained from pesticides are compared with water pollution controlIV legislation, Land-Based water quality classification such that pesticide concentration is under 1 p,g/L. However, according to the routine water pollution parameters such as COD and BOD5, all the sampled rivers which are discharged to the Middle Black Sea coast are in class 2 (8-50 mg/L) or even if class 3 (20-70 mg/L) quality. As a result, it is estabished in this thesis that water and sediment analysis should not be carried on seperately and the alterations of analysis in the time profile must be followed more precisely. Because most of the pollution parameters which are not observed or observed at very low levels in the water samples, would be established at high levels in the sediment layer because of higher absörbtivite capacitiy of this layer being a bottom layer in the waterbody. Key Words: Sedimenti Pesticides, Gas Chromotography, Sediment Quality Criteria, Black Sea
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Tez (yüksek lisans) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2000
Libra Kayıt No: 35615
Libra Kayıt No: 35615
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