Aggressive Fibromatosis of the Chest Wall: A Case Report with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histopathological Findings

Abstract

Fibromatosis represents a group of fibroblastic proliferations that vary from benign to intermediate in biological behavior. It can be classified as superficial or deep. Aggressive fibromatosis (AF) does not cause distant metastasis, the potential for local invasion and recurrence is very high. AF can be seen in various sites, including extra-abdominal, abdominal wall and intra-abdominal locations. It is rare in the extra-abdominal area and may involve the muscles of the shoulder, pelvis and thigh. AF of the chest wall is rare, representing only 8-10% of all deep fibromatoses. Cross-sectional imaging modalities, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can be used to detect, characterize and show the extension of these tumors into adjacent tissues. MRI is superior to CT in the radiological evaluation of soft tissues. The signal intensity of AF varies depending on the collagen and water content of the cell. A radical surgical resection strategy with a safe margin (2-3 cm) remains the standard therapeutic approach for AF. However, radiotherapy is a significant treatment challenge, especially for young women. Herein, we present a 25-year-old female patient with recurrent chest wall AF extending to the breast, along with clinical findings, MR images, and histopathological findings.