Publication: Kedilerde Yaygın Görülen Üst Solunum Yolu Hastalıklarında Etiyoloji ve Tedavinin Araştırılması
Abstract
Kedilerde üst solunum yolu hastalığı (ÜSYH) kliniklerimizde yaygın görülen ve viral ve/veya bakteriyel etkenlerin neden olduğu bir enfeksiyondur. Bu araştırmada ÜSYH semptomu gösteren kedilerde etiyolojinin araştırılması ve doksisiklin tedavisinin etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmada Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Hayvan Hastanesi'ne ÜSYH'nın klinik bulguları ile getirilen 50 kedi değerlendirildi. Kedilerden tedavi öncesinde orafarenks sürüntü örnekleri alındı. Örneklerde PZR tekniği kullanılarak Feline Herpes Virus (FHV), Chlamydia (C.) felis, Mycoplasma spp. ve Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica etkenleri yönünden moleküler analizler yapıldı. Ayrıca, Feline Calici Virus (FCV) antijen varlığı hızlı ELISA test kiti ile incelendi. Kedilere 10 mg/kg/gün dozda 7 gün süresince doksisiklin uygulandı. Tedavi öncesi ve sonrası belirlenen klinik bulguların karşılaştırılması için, hastalık şiddeti skoru (0-3; 0: bulgu yok, hafif, 2: orta ve 3: şiddetli) ve total klinik skorlama (0-5; konjonktivit 1+, blefarospazm 1+, oküler akıntı 1+, hapşırma 1+, nazal akıntı 1+) sistemleri kullanıldı. Klinik olarak ÜSYH'li kedilerin %70'inde en az bir etkene ait nükleik asit materyali belirlendi (FHV: %22, B. bronchiseptica: %12, Mycoplasma spp.: %4, FHV+B. bronchiseptica: %6, FHV+Mycoplasma spp.: %10, B. bronchiseptica+Mycoplasma spp.: %6 ve FHV+B. bronchiseptica+Mycoplasma spp.: %10). Total enfeksiyon prevalansının FHV için %48, B. bronchiseptica için %34 ve Mycoplasma spp. için %30 olduğu anlaşıldı. FCV ve C. felis tespit edilmedi. Tedavi öncesine kıyasla, tedavi sonrasında hastalık şiddeti skorunun (2,02±0,71'den 0,89±0,51'e; değişim oranı: %56, p<0,001) ve total klinik skorun (3,52±0,59'den 1,67±0,9'a; değişim oranı: %53, p<0,001) düştüğü belirlendi. Doksisiklin tedavisiyle birlikte %10 mortalite gözlemlendi. Hastalık genç hayvanlarda daha yaygındı (0-6 ay: %60, 6-12 ay: %28 ve 1 yaş üzeri: %12). Araştırılan etkenlerden yönünden, pozitif hastaların çoğunun aşısız (%62,9) ve negatif hastaların çoğunun aşılı (%73,3) olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada incelenen ÜSYH'li kedilerde FHV prevalansı %48 oranında en yaygındı ve miks enfeksiyon prevalansı %32 bulundu. Doksisiklin tedavisi ÜSYH'li kedilerde %53-56 oranında klinik iyileşme sağladı. Ayrıca, araştırılan etkenler yönünden aşılamanın önemli olduğu anlaşıldı. Anahtar Sözcükler: Kedi, Üst solunum yolu hastalığı, Etiyoloji, Tedavi
Feline upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) is an infection commonly seen in our clinics and caused by viral and/or bacterial agents. This study aimed to investigate the etiology in cats showing URTD symptoms and to evaluate the efficacy of doxycycline treatment. In the study, 50 cats brought to Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Hospital with clinical findings of URTD were evaluated. Oropharynx swab samples were taken from the cats before treatment. Molecular analyses were performed on the samples for Feline Herpes Virus (FHV), Chlamydia (C.) felis, Mycoplasma spp. and Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica agents using the PCR technique. In addition, the presence of Feline Calici Virus (FCV) antigen was examined with a rapid ELISA test kit. Doxycycline was administered to the cats at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 7 days. To compare the clinical findings determined before and after treatment, disease severity score (0-3; 0: no findings, mild, 2: moderate and 3: severe) and total clinical scoring (0-5; conjunctivitis 1+, blepharospasm 1+, ocular discharge 1+, sneezing 1+, nasal discharge 1+) systems were used. Nucleic acid material belonging to at least one of the agents was determined in 70% of the cats with clinically URTD (FHV: 22%, B. bronchiseptica: 12%, Mycoplasma spp.: 4%, FHV+B. bronchiseptica: 6%, FHV+Mycoplasma spp.: 10%, B. bronchiseptica+Mycoplasma spp.: 6% and FHV+B. bronchiseptica+Mycoplasma spp.: 10%). Total infection prevalence was found to be 48% for FHV, 34% for B. bronchiseptica and 30% for Mycoplasma spp. FCV and C. felis were not detected. It was determined that the disease severity score (from 2.02±0.71 to 0.89±0.51; change rate: 56%, p<0.001) and total clinical score (from 3.52±0.59 to 1.67±0.9; change rate: 53%, p<0.001) decreased after treatment compared to before treatment. 10% mortality was observed with doxycycline treatment. The disease was more common in young animals (0-6 months: 60%, 6-12 months: 28% and over 1 year: 12%). In terms of the investigated infections, it was determined that most of the positive patients were unvaccinated (62.9%) and most of the negative patients were vaccinated (73.3%). In conclusion, in the cats with URTD examined in this study, FHV prevalence was the most common at 48% rate and the prevalence of mixed infection was found to be 32% rate. Doxycycline treatment provided clinical improvement at 53-56% in cats with URTD. In addition, it was understood that vaccination is important for the investigated infections in this study. Keywords: Cat, Upper respiratory disease, Etiology and Treatment
Feline upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) is an infection commonly seen in our clinics and caused by viral and/or bacterial agents. This study aimed to investigate the etiology in cats showing URTD symptoms and to evaluate the efficacy of doxycycline treatment. In the study, 50 cats brought to Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Hospital with clinical findings of URTD were evaluated. Oropharynx swab samples were taken from the cats before treatment. Molecular analyses were performed on the samples for Feline Herpes Virus (FHV), Chlamydia (C.) felis, Mycoplasma spp. and Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica agents using the PCR technique. In addition, the presence of Feline Calici Virus (FCV) antigen was examined with a rapid ELISA test kit. Doxycycline was administered to the cats at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 7 days. To compare the clinical findings determined before and after treatment, disease severity score (0-3; 0: no findings, mild, 2: moderate and 3: severe) and total clinical scoring (0-5; conjunctivitis 1+, blepharospasm 1+, ocular discharge 1+, sneezing 1+, nasal discharge 1+) systems were used. Nucleic acid material belonging to at least one of the agents was determined in 70% of the cats with clinically URTD (FHV: 22%, B. bronchiseptica: 12%, Mycoplasma spp.: 4%, FHV+B. bronchiseptica: 6%, FHV+Mycoplasma spp.: 10%, B. bronchiseptica+Mycoplasma spp.: 6% and FHV+B. bronchiseptica+Mycoplasma spp.: 10%). Total infection prevalence was found to be 48% for FHV, 34% for B. bronchiseptica and 30% for Mycoplasma spp. FCV and C. felis were not detected. It was determined that the disease severity score (from 2.02±0.71 to 0.89±0.51; change rate: 56%, p<0.001) and total clinical score (from 3.52±0.59 to 1.67±0.9; change rate: 53%, p<0.001) decreased after treatment compared to before treatment. 10% mortality was observed with doxycycline treatment. The disease was more common in young animals (0-6 months: 60%, 6-12 months: 28% and over 1 year: 12%). In terms of the investigated infections, it was determined that most of the positive patients were unvaccinated (62.9%) and most of the negative patients were vaccinated (73.3%). In conclusion, in the cats with URTD examined in this study, FHV prevalence was the most common at 48% rate and the prevalence of mixed infection was found to be 32% rate. Doxycycline treatment provided clinical improvement at 53-56% in cats with URTD. In addition, it was understood that vaccination is important for the investigated infections in this study. Keywords: Cat, Upper respiratory disease, Etiology and Treatment
Description
Keywords
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
Start Page
End Page
77