Publication: Öğretmenlerin Bilgi İşlemsel Düşünme Anlayışlarının Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi Bağlamında İncelenmesi
Abstract
Bilgi işlemsel düşünme (BİD), bilgisayar bilimi kavramlarını kullanmayı gerektiren bir tür problem çözme sürecidir. Bu sürecin desteklenmesinde en etkili yol, BİD sürecini desteklemeye yönelik uygulamaların eğitim ortamlarına entegrasyonudur. Bu entegrasyon sürecinde, çocukların BİD'i keşfetmeleri ile aynı öneme sahip olan bir diğer unsur, öğretmenlerin BİD'e yönelik anlayışları ve bilgileridir. Çünkü BİD süreçlerini desteklemeye yönelik uygulamaların entegrasyonu, öğretmenlerin BİD'e yönelik alan bilgileri, pedagojik alan bilgileri ve özyeterlikleri ile ilişkilidir. Fakat bu unsurları inceleyen çalışmaların sayısı oldukça sınırlıdır ve bu alanda yapılacak araştırmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu ihtiyaçtan hareketle, mevcut çalışmada; okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin, BİD'e yönelik alan bilgilerinin, pedagojik alan bilgilerinin ve özyeterlik algılarının ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada temel nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış ve tipik durum örneklemesi yöntemi ile araştırma grubu oluşturulmuştur. 2021-2022 yılının ikinci eğitim öğretim döneminde Samsun'da görev yapmakta olan 33 okul öncesi öğretmeni araştırmaya katılmak için gönüllü olmuştur ancak BİD hakkında bilgilerinin olmadığını ifade eden iki gönüllü öğretmen araştırma grubundan çıkarılmıştır. Mevcut çalışmanın nihai araştırma grubunu 31 okul öncesi öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri, öğretmenlerin 12 adet görüşme sorusuna ve 4 adet senaryoya ilişkin açık uçlu sorulara vermiş oldukları cevaplardan elde edilmiştir. Yapılan içerik analizi sonucunda; öğretmenlerin BİD'e yönelik alan bilgilerinin alanyazın ile tamamıyla uyumlu olmadığı ve eksik ve yanlış pedagojik alan bilgilerinde sahip oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Buna rağmen, öğretmenlerin kendilerini BİD ile ilişkili becerilere sahip olma açısından genellikle iyi ve çok iyi; BİD uygulamalarını entegre etme açısından ise yeterli olarak değerlendirdikleri görülmüştür. Elde edilen çelişkili veriler; BİD ile ilişkili becerilere sahip olma ve BİD uygulamalarını entegre etmeye yönelik katılımcıların özyeterlik algılarının, BİD'e ilişkin anlayışlarını ve pedagojik alan bilgilerini ortaya koymada objektif ve güvenilir sonuçlar vermediğini göstermektedir. Buradan hareketle, öğretmenlerin BİD konusundaki alan bilgilerinin ve pedagojik alan bilgilerinin geliştirilmesine ilişkin hizmet içi eğitimlere ve BİD ile ilişkili alan bilgilerinin ve pedagojik alan bilgilerinin ortaya konmasına yönelik güvenirliği ve geçerliği yüksek değerlendirme araçlarına ihtiyaç duyulduğu söylenebilir.
Computational thinking (CT) is a type of problem-solving process that requires using computer science concepts. The most effective way to support this process is the integration of applications to support the CT process into educational environments. In this integration process, another element that is of equal importance to children's discovery of CT is teachers' understanding and knowledge of CT since the effectiveness of the integration of practices that support children's CT processes is closely related to teachers' content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and self-efficacy regarding CT. However, the number of studies examining these elements is quite limited and there is a need for further research in this field. Based on this need, in the current study,it was aimed to reveal the content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge and self-efficacy perceptions of preschool teachers regarding CT. Basic qualitative research method was used in the study and the research group was formed with the typical case sampling method. 33 preschool teachers working in Samsun in the second academic period of 2021-2022 volunteered to participate in the research, but two volunteer teachers who stated that they had no knowledge of CT were excluded from the research group. Thus the final sample of the current study consisted of 31 preschool teachers. The data of the research were obtained from the teachers' answers to 12 interview questions and open-ended questions regarding 4 scenarios. As a result of the content analysis,it was concluded that the teachers' content knowledge regarding CT was not completely compatible with the literature, they had some misconceptions, and their pedagogical content knowledge was incomplete Despite this, teachers generally considered themselves to be good or very good in terms of having CT-related skills. They evaluated themselves as sufficient in terms of integrating CT practices into the education program. These contradictory results indicated that the teachers' self-efficacy perceptions regarding having skills related to CT and integrating CT practices might not provide objective and reliable results in revealing their content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. Based on this, it can be said that there is a need for in-service training to improve teachers' content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge about CT, and assessment tools with high reliability and validity to reveal their knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge related to CT.
Computational thinking (CT) is a type of problem-solving process that requires using computer science concepts. The most effective way to support this process is the integration of applications to support the CT process into educational environments. In this integration process, another element that is of equal importance to children's discovery of CT is teachers' understanding and knowledge of CT since the effectiveness of the integration of practices that support children's CT processes is closely related to teachers' content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and self-efficacy regarding CT. However, the number of studies examining these elements is quite limited and there is a need for further research in this field. Based on this need, in the current study,it was aimed to reveal the content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge and self-efficacy perceptions of preschool teachers regarding CT. Basic qualitative research method was used in the study and the research group was formed with the typical case sampling method. 33 preschool teachers working in Samsun in the second academic period of 2021-2022 volunteered to participate in the research, but two volunteer teachers who stated that they had no knowledge of CT were excluded from the research group. Thus the final sample of the current study consisted of 31 preschool teachers. The data of the research were obtained from the teachers' answers to 12 interview questions and open-ended questions regarding 4 scenarios. As a result of the content analysis,it was concluded that the teachers' content knowledge regarding CT was not completely compatible with the literature, they had some misconceptions, and their pedagogical content knowledge was incomplete Despite this, teachers generally considered themselves to be good or very good in terms of having CT-related skills. They evaluated themselves as sufficient in terms of integrating CT practices into the education program. These contradictory results indicated that the teachers' self-efficacy perceptions regarding having skills related to CT and integrating CT practices might not provide objective and reliable results in revealing their content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. Based on this, it can be said that there is a need for in-service training to improve teachers' content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge about CT, and assessment tools with high reliability and validity to reveal their knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge related to CT.
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