Publication: Hazır Giyim Sektöründe Marka Tercihlerinin Markov Zincirleri İle Tahmini
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Küreselleşme ile birlikte rekabetin artması ve teknolojinin gelişmesiyle beraber insanların istek ve ihtiyaçları sürekli olarak artmaktadır ve dolayısıyla değişmektedir. Bu durumda işletmeler, objektif kararları konusunda planlama, tahminleme ve karar verme süreçlerinde geleceğe yönelik belirsizlikler yaşamaktadırlar. Bu durumda işletmeler, işletmenin geleceği ile ilgili kararları alırken, tüketici taleplerinin ne boyutta olduğunu araştırarak gelecekteki tahmin edilen satışları dikkate almak durumunda kalmaktadırlar. Hazır giyim sektörü, gelişen pazar şartlarında küreselleşen sektörlerin başında gelir. Bu bağlamda hazır giyim işletmelerinin büyük rekabet içerisinde olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Bu çalışmadaki temel amaç, işletmelerin geleceğe yönelik satışlarını artırabilmeleri ve kontrol altına alabilmeleri açısından rekabet piyasasında, talep tahmin yöntemlerinden yararlanılarak Markov zincirleri yöntemi ile talep tahmini yapmaları, gelecekte oluşacak satış fırsatlarını değerlendirebilmeleri ve siyasi sorunlar, ekonomik kriz, salgın hastalıklar gibi gelecekteki olası risklere karşı önlem alabilmeleri açısından pazar payında işletmelere rakip firmalar karşısında büyük avantaj sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle Markov zincirleri teorik olarak ele alınıp talep tahmini, karar verme ve hazır giyim ile marka kavramlarına açıklamalı olarak ayrı ayrı yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın uygulama kısmında 720 kişilik bir örneklem, basit rastgele örnekleme ile oluşturulmuştur. Daha sonra bu kişilere hazır giyim markalarının tercihleri (bu zamanda ve bir önceki zamanda kullanılan hazır giyim markaları) ile ilgili anket uygulanmıştır. Hazır giyim marka tercihleri analizi için Markov zincirlerinin geçiş olasılıkları matrisi ve uzun dönem olasılık vektörlerinin hesaplanmasına yönelik bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Çalışmada markaların kullanılma olasılıkları ve marka bağımlılıkları, cinsiyet, yaş aralıkları, eğitim düzeyleri ve çalışan - çalışmayanlara göre ayrı ayrı hesaplanarak her biri için gelecek birkaç dönemlik geçiş olasılığı matrisleri bulundu. Bununla birlikte geleceğe yönelik tahminler yapılarak marka tercihleri (1 dönemlik sonuçlar) karşılaştırılmıştır. Benzer durum gelecekteki uzun dönem pazar payları için de yapılmıştır. Çalışma R, SPSS ve Microsoft Excel programları ile desteklenmiştir.
With the increase in competition with globalization and the development of technology, the demands and needs of people are constantly increasing and therefore changing. In this case, businesses experience future uncertainties in their planning, estimation and decision-making processes regarding their objective decisions. In this case, when making decisions about the future of the business, businesses have to consider estimated future sales by investigating the extent of consumer demands. The ready-made clothing industry is one of the leading globalized sectors in the developing market conditions. In this context, it is possible to say that ready-made clothing companies are in great competition. The main purpose of this study is to make demand forecasting with the Markov chain method by using demand forecasting methods in the competitive market in order to increase and control their sales for the future, to evaluate the sales opportunities that will occur in the future and to take precautions against possible future risks such as political problems, economic crisis, epidemics. It will provide businesses with a great advantage over rival companies in market share. In this study, first of all, Markov chains are discussed theoretically and the concepts of demand forecasting, decision making, ready-to-wear and brand are explained separately. In the application part of the study, a sample of 720 people was formed by simple random sampling. Then, a questionnaire about the preferences of ready-made clothing brands (ready-to-wear brands used at this time and in the previous time) was applied to these people. For the analysis of apparel brand preferences, a study has been carried out to calculate the transition probability matrix of Markov chains and long-term probability vectors. In the study, the probability of using the brands and brand dependencies were calculated separately according to gender, age ranges, education levels and being employed - unemployed, and transition probability matrices for each of the next few periods were found. In addition, future predictions were made and brand preferences (1-term results) were compared. The same procedures were conducted for future long-term market shares as well. The study was supported by R, SPSS and Microsoft Excel programs.
With the increase in competition with globalization and the development of technology, the demands and needs of people are constantly increasing and therefore changing. In this case, businesses experience future uncertainties in their planning, estimation and decision-making processes regarding their objective decisions. In this case, when making decisions about the future of the business, businesses have to consider estimated future sales by investigating the extent of consumer demands. The ready-made clothing industry is one of the leading globalized sectors in the developing market conditions. In this context, it is possible to say that ready-made clothing companies are in great competition. The main purpose of this study is to make demand forecasting with the Markov chain method by using demand forecasting methods in the competitive market in order to increase and control their sales for the future, to evaluate the sales opportunities that will occur in the future and to take precautions against possible future risks such as political problems, economic crisis, epidemics. It will provide businesses with a great advantage over rival companies in market share. In this study, first of all, Markov chains are discussed theoretically and the concepts of demand forecasting, decision making, ready-to-wear and brand are explained separately. In the application part of the study, a sample of 720 people was formed by simple random sampling. Then, a questionnaire about the preferences of ready-made clothing brands (ready-to-wear brands used at this time and in the previous time) was applied to these people. For the analysis of apparel brand preferences, a study has been carried out to calculate the transition probability matrix of Markov chains and long-term probability vectors. In the study, the probability of using the brands and brand dependencies were calculated separately according to gender, age ranges, education levels and being employed - unemployed, and transition probability matrices for each of the next few periods were found. In addition, future predictions were made and brand preferences (1-term results) were compared. The same procedures were conducted for future long-term market shares as well. The study was supported by R, SPSS and Microsoft Excel programs.
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Şafak, Y. (2022). Hazır giyim sektöründe marka tercihlerinin Markov zincirleri ile tahmini. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun.
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127
