Publication: Köpeklerde Gebelik Süresi Boyunca Uterusta Sitokin Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma, köpeklerde gebelik süresi boyunca uterusta sitokin gen ifade düzeylerinin zamanla nasıl değiştiğini ortaya koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Literatürde bu konuda sınırlı sayıda bilgi bulunmakta ve çoğu çalışma serum veya periferal dokulara odaklanmaktadır. Bu nedenle, uterus dokusundan elde edilen verilerle yapılan bu çalışma özgün nitelik taşımaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında, diöstrüs dönemindeki köpekler kontrol grubu olarak alınmış; gebelik süresi 9-12, 15– 25, 25–35 ve 35–45 gün aralığında olan köpekler ile toplam beş grup oluşturulmuştur. Her köpekten alınan uterus örneklerinden RNA izolasyonu ve cDNA sentezi sonrası, RT-qPCR yöntemiyle İL-2, İL-4, İL-6, İL-10, TNF-α ve İFN-γ genlerinin ifade düzeyleri belirlenmiştir. Bağıl gen ekspresyonları 2⁻ΔΔCt yöntemiyle hesaplanmış; istatistiksel analizlerde Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular gebelik ilerledikçe sitokin ifade düzeylerinde anlamlı biyolojik değişimler olduğunu göstermiştir. İL-4 ve İL-10 gibi antienflamatuvar sitokinlerin geç gebelik döneminde daha yüksek düzeyde ifade edildiği görülürken, TNF-α ve İFN-γ gibi proenflamatuvar sitokinler erken gebelikte sınırlı artış eğilimi göstermiştir. İnterlökin-6 ifadesi ise özellikle orta ve geç dönemde artış göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, elde edilen veriler köpeklerde gebeliğin immünolojik evrelerine dair önemli bilgiler sunmakta ve uterus kaynaklı lokal immün yanıtların dinamik yapısını ortaya koymaktadır.
This study aimed to investigate the temporal changes in uterine cytokine gene expression levels throughout pregnancy in dogs. The existing literature on this topic is limited, and most previous studies have focused on serum or peripheral tissues rather than the uterus. Therefore, this study provides original insights by evaluating uterine- specific immune responses during pregnancy. Five experimental groups were established: a control group consisting of diestrus-stage bitches and four pregnancy groups corresponding to 9-12, 15–25, 25–35, and 35–45 days of gestation. Uterine tissue samples were collected from each animal, and total RNA was isolated for cDNA synthesis. The expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ genes were quantified using RT-qPCR. Relative gene expression levels were calculated using the 2⁻ΔΔCt method. Statistical comparisons among groups were conducted using Kruskal Wallis test. The results revealed that cytokine expression patterns varied across different stages of pregnancy. Anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 exhibited higher expression in the later stages of pregnancy, while pro- inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IFN-γ showed a tendency to increase in early pregnancy. IL-6 expression was observed to rise particularly in the mid to late stages. IL-2 expression remained consistently low across all groups. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide valuable data on the immunological dynamics of canine pregnancy. The changing expression levels of uterine cytokines during gestation suggest a tightly regulated local immune environment that supports embryo tolerance and implantation. These results contribute to a better understanding of reproductive immunology in bitches and may guide future research on immunomodulation and diagnostic approaches in canine reproduction.
This study aimed to investigate the temporal changes in uterine cytokine gene expression levels throughout pregnancy in dogs. The existing literature on this topic is limited, and most previous studies have focused on serum or peripheral tissues rather than the uterus. Therefore, this study provides original insights by evaluating uterine- specific immune responses during pregnancy. Five experimental groups were established: a control group consisting of diestrus-stage bitches and four pregnancy groups corresponding to 9-12, 15–25, 25–35, and 35–45 days of gestation. Uterine tissue samples were collected from each animal, and total RNA was isolated for cDNA synthesis. The expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ genes were quantified using RT-qPCR. Relative gene expression levels were calculated using the 2⁻ΔΔCt method. Statistical comparisons among groups were conducted using Kruskal Wallis test. The results revealed that cytokine expression patterns varied across different stages of pregnancy. Anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 exhibited higher expression in the later stages of pregnancy, while pro- inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IFN-γ showed a tendency to increase in early pregnancy. IL-6 expression was observed to rise particularly in the mid to late stages. IL-2 expression remained consistently low across all groups. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide valuable data on the immunological dynamics of canine pregnancy. The changing expression levels of uterine cytokines during gestation suggest a tightly regulated local immune environment that supports embryo tolerance and implantation. These results contribute to a better understanding of reproductive immunology in bitches and may guide future research on immunomodulation and diagnostic approaches in canine reproduction.
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