Publication: Müzikte Pastoral Anlatım: L. Van Beethoven'ın Op.28 Piyano Sonatı
Abstract
Bu araştırmada, Klasik Dönem'de yaşamış ve bestelemiş olduğu 32 piyano sonatı ile sonat formunun gelişimine ve piyano edebiyatına önemli katkıda bulunmuş, Ludwig van Beethoven'ın Op. 28 Pastoral Sonatı'nın analizi ve Pastoral konulu eserler ele alınmıştır. Pastoral kelimesi, Latince 'çobanlara ait' anlamına gelen 'Pastoralis' sıfatından türemiştir ve kökeni M.Ö. 7. yüzyıla kadar Hesiodos'a kadar uzanan bir edebiyat türü olarak tanınır. Müzikte de kırsal yaşam ve kırsal konuları ele almaktadır. Klasik Dönem'den, Romantik Dönem'e geçiş sürecine önemli katkılarda bulunmuş ve müzik tarihinde iz bırakmış Beethoven'ın Op. 28 Pastoral Sonatı'nın, form yapısı, tematik ve tonal açıdan incelenmiştir. Pastoral Sonat, uzun süre devam eden ve pedal sesi olan sürekli bas kullanımı ile dikkat çeker. Bu eserin önemli özelliklerinden biri de üç zamanlı olmasıdır. Duru, sade ve anlaşılır armonilerle uyumsuzluktan kaçınılır, ayrıca dominanttan olabildiğince uzak durulur. Melodiler, gayda sesine benzer bir karakter taşıyarak çobanın kavalının sesine yakın bir etki yaratır; bu melodiler sevimlilik hissiyatını artıran paralel üçlüler halinde yazılabilir. Beethoven'ın Op. 28 Pastoral başlıklı piyano sonatını ve Pastoral konulu eserler ele alarak, form, armoni ve stil gibi farkları ayırt edebilmesi pastoral karakteri oluşturan özellikleri inceleyip yorum için destekleyici fikirler sunulmuş, daha iyi bir açıdan yorumlayabilmesine yardımcı olmak ve bu konuda literatüre katkı sağlamak amaçlanmıştır.
In this study, Beethoven's Op. 28 Pastoral Sonata, a significant contribution to the development of the sonata form and piano literature, is analyzed. Additionally, works with pastoral themes are examined. The word 'pastoral' is derived from the Latin adjective 'pastoralis,' meaning 'pertaining to shepherds,' and traces back to the 7th century BCE with Hesiod. In music, it deals with rural life and rural themes. Beethoven, who made significant contributions to the transition from the Classical to the Romantic period and left a mark in music history, has his Op. 28 Pastoral Sonata examined in terms of form, thematic, and tonal aspects. The Pastoral Sonata is characterised by the use of continuous bass, which lasts for a long time and is a pedal tone. One of the important features of this work is that it is in three time. Dissonance is avoided with clear, simple and understandable harmonies, and the dominant is avoided as much as possible. The melodies have a character similar to the sound of bagpipes, creating an effect close to the sound of a shepherd's pipe; these melodies can be written in parallel triplets, which increases the sense of loveliness. By considering Beethoven's Op. 28 Pastoral piano sonata and Pastoral themed works, it is aimed to help the student to distinguish the differences such as form, harmony and style, to examine the features that make up the pastoral character, to provide supportive ideas for interpretation, to help him interpret from a better perspective and to contribute to the literature on this subject.
In this study, Beethoven's Op. 28 Pastoral Sonata, a significant contribution to the development of the sonata form and piano literature, is analyzed. Additionally, works with pastoral themes are examined. The word 'pastoral' is derived from the Latin adjective 'pastoralis,' meaning 'pertaining to shepherds,' and traces back to the 7th century BCE with Hesiod. In music, it deals with rural life and rural themes. Beethoven, who made significant contributions to the transition from the Classical to the Romantic period and left a mark in music history, has his Op. 28 Pastoral Sonata examined in terms of form, thematic, and tonal aspects. The Pastoral Sonata is characterised by the use of continuous bass, which lasts for a long time and is a pedal tone. One of the important features of this work is that it is in three time. Dissonance is avoided with clear, simple and understandable harmonies, and the dominant is avoided as much as possible. The melodies have a character similar to the sound of bagpipes, creating an effect close to the sound of a shepherd's pipe; these melodies can be written in parallel triplets, which increases the sense of loveliness. By considering Beethoven's Op. 28 Pastoral piano sonata and Pastoral themed works, it is aimed to help the student to distinguish the differences such as form, harmony and style, to examine the features that make up the pastoral character, to provide supportive ideas for interpretation, to help him interpret from a better perspective and to contribute to the literature on this subject.
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