Adaptability and Stability Models in Promising Genotype Selection for Hybrid Breeding of Sun Cured Tobacco

Abstract

Sun cured tobacco is the main source of income for the tobacco producers, and has no other identified and sustainable alternative of tobacco cultivation. The demand for a standard variety that will provide the highest income continues to increase. The main characteristics is the high productivity, in which the leaf quality should be above the critical threshold. The purpose of this study was to determine the most suitable geno-type and genotype selection technique in hybrid breeding of sun cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). The study material consisted of ten hybrids from crosses of five parents and half-dials with obvious differences. The F1 hybrids, of which the heterosis efficiencies were monitored in a single location in 2018, were tested in five different locations in 2019 to determine the responses of hybrids to changing environmental condi-tions. Agronomic (plant height, number of leaves, leaf width-length, yield) and quality (yield, nicotine, glu-cose, fructose, chlorogenic acid and rutin) properties of sun cured hybrids were examined. This is the first multiple-environment trial (MET) examining the sun cured hybrids. Genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype x environment interaction (GEI) had a significant impact on all of the characters studied. The results of heterosis revealed the importance of hybridization to increase yield and quality in sun cured pro-duction, depending on the genetic material used and the heterogeneity of the selected media. Different sta-bility approaches indicated that hybrids are more stable in varying environmental conditions than their parents. With some exceptions, additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype main effect plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE Biplot) models with parametric/non-parametric stability approaches provided similar results in determining the adaptability and stability of genotypes. The effects of G, E and GEI on yield were 15.6, 69.9 and 14.4%, respectively, and most of the total variability in yield was explained by the E. The AMMI accounted for 85.9% of the variation in the first two components, and the GGE Biplot for 88.2%. The results suggest that the AMMI and GGE Biplot models should be evaluated together in tobacco breeding programs. The P3xP5 and P4xP5 hybrids are the best materials in terms of pro-ductivity and stability, and are recommended to be promoted for commercial production. The average gross income will increase $1658.4 and $1277.2 per ha with the cultivation of P3xP5 and P4xP5 hybrids compared to the commonly produced cultivars.(c) 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of SAAB.