Publication: Din-Felsefe İlişkisi Bağlamında Kelami Metodolojinin Eleştirisi: İbn Rüşd Örneği
Abstract
Bu çalışma, düşünce tarihinin başat kavramları olan din, felsefe ve bilim kaynaklarının saha, kapsam ve sınırlıklarının belirlenmesi, geçirmiş olduğu safhaların ortaya konulması, aralarında kurulacak ilişki boyutlarının felsefe, kelâm ve bilim dallarındaki karşılığını ve kelâm metodolojisine filozofumuz İbn Rüşd tarafından yöneltilen eleştirileri konu edinmektedir. Din ve felsefenin temelleri ve önerme biçimleri birbirinden farklıdır. Dinin temelinde ve önermelerinde inanca dayanan duygu boyutu ağır basan asıl bir unsur iken, felsefenin temelinde ise düşünce boyutu ağır basan bir unsurdur. Bundan dolayı bu iki alanın birbirinden bağımsız bir şekilde değerlendirilmesi ikisinin de doğru bir şekilde anlaşılması bakımından önem arz etmektedir. İki kaynak arasındaki kurulacak ilişkide ise İbn Rüşd'ün metodu kelâmcıların metodundan farklılık arz etmektedir. İbn Rüşd din ve felsefe arasındaki ilişkiyi kompartmanist bir yaklaşımla çözümlemektedir. Bundan dolayı İbn Rüşd, kelâmcıların dinî ve felsefî ifadelerin anlam ve değerini birbirine karıştırmaları nedeniyle din-felsefe arasında kurdukları ilişki tarzının da yanlış bir metot olduğunu ifade etmektedir. Kelâm ilminin baştan bir metodolojik hata üzerine bina edildiğini benimseyen İbn Rüşd, kelâmın mantıksal bir hata içerisinde olduğunu ifade ettikten sonra Tanrı tasavvuru, epistemoloji ve tabiat anlayışlarının yanlış önermeler üzerine bina edildiğini öne sürmektedir. İşte bu araştırmada insan düşüncesinin ve yaşamının temel dinamiklerinden olan din ve felsefenin genel yapısal özellikleri, oluşum süreçleri ve bilgi değerleri ele alınmıştır. Ardından ise filozoflar ve kelâmcılar tarafından bu iki sistem arasında kurulacak ilişkinin boyutları ve bunların Tanrı, tabiat ve bilgi tasavvurlarına yansıması ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
This study deals with the determination of the field, scope and limitations of the sources of religion, philosophy and science, which are the dominant concepts of the history of thought, revealing the stages they have gone through, the correspondence of the dimensions of the relationship to be established between them in philosophy, theology and science, and the criticisms directed by our philosopher Ibn Rushd to the methodology of kalam. The foundations and propositions of religion and philosophy are different from each other. In the basis of religion and in its propositions, the dimension of emotion based on belief is the main element, while the dimension of thought is a predominant element in the basis of philosophy. Therefore, it is important to evaluate these two fields independently from each other in order to understand them correctly. In the relationship to be established between the two sources, the method of Ibn Rushd differs from the method of the theologians. Ibn Rushd analyzes the relationship between religion and philosophy with a compartmentalist approach. Therefore, Ibn Rushd states that the style of relationship established between religion and philosophy by theologians is a wrong method because they confuse the meaning and value of religious and philosophical expressions. Stating that the science of kalam was built on a methodological error from the beginning, Ibn Rushd states that the conception of God, epistemology and nature understandings are built on false propositions after expressing that kalam is in a logical error. In this research, the general structural features, formation processes and knowledge values of religion and philosophy, which are the basic dynamics of human thought and life, are discussed. Then, the dimensions of the relationship to be established between these two systems by philosophers and theologians and their reflection on the conceptions of God, nature and knowledge were tried to be revealed.
This study deals with the determination of the field, scope and limitations of the sources of religion, philosophy and science, which are the dominant concepts of the history of thought, revealing the stages they have gone through, the correspondence of the dimensions of the relationship to be established between them in philosophy, theology and science, and the criticisms directed by our philosopher Ibn Rushd to the methodology of kalam. The foundations and propositions of religion and philosophy are different from each other. In the basis of religion and in its propositions, the dimension of emotion based on belief is the main element, while the dimension of thought is a predominant element in the basis of philosophy. Therefore, it is important to evaluate these two fields independently from each other in order to understand them correctly. In the relationship to be established between the two sources, the method of Ibn Rushd differs from the method of the theologians. Ibn Rushd analyzes the relationship between religion and philosophy with a compartmentalist approach. Therefore, Ibn Rushd states that the style of relationship established between religion and philosophy by theologians is a wrong method because they confuse the meaning and value of religious and philosophical expressions. Stating that the science of kalam was built on a methodological error from the beginning, Ibn Rushd states that the conception of God, epistemology and nature understandings are built on false propositions after expressing that kalam is in a logical error. In this research, the general structural features, formation processes and knowledge values of religion and philosophy, which are the basic dynamics of human thought and life, are discussed. Then, the dimensions of the relationship to be established between these two systems by philosophers and theologians and their reflection on the conceptions of God, nature and knowledge were tried to be revealed.
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