Publication: Muhammed Âbid el-Câbirî'de Kelâm Eleştirisi
Abstract
Bu tez, çağdaş Arap düşünürü Muhammed Âbid el-Câbirî'nin (1935-2010) Arap-İslâm düşünce geleneğine yönelik eleştirel projesi kapsamında, klasik kelâm ilmine dair getirdiği radikal eleştiriyi ve yeniden yapılandırma önerisini sistematik bir şekilde analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Câbirî'ye göre kelâm, salt teolojik ve metafizik bir disiplin değil, içinde şekillendiği tarihsel, siyasî ve toplumsal bağlamlarla anlaşılması gereken bir söylemler alanıdır. Çalışma, Câbirî'nin 'Arap-İslâm Aklının Eleştirisi' dörtlemesi (Arap Aklının Oluşumu, Arap-İslâm Aklının Yapısı, Arap Siyasal Aklı ve Arap Ahlaki Aklı) ve Kur'an hermeneutiği üzerine eserlerini temel alarak, onun tevhid, nübüvvet, mûcize, halku'l-Kur'an, ahiret, kader, rü'yetullah, hidâyet-dalâlet, tekfîr ve imâmet gibi geleneksel kelâm meselelerini nasıl bağlamsalcı yaklaşımla ele aldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Câbirî, bu meseleleri analiz ederken kendi geliştirdiği üçlü epistemolojik modeli (beyan, burhan, irfan) merkeze almakta ve özellikle 'burhan'ı (aklî-nedensel delil) temel bir yöntem olarak önermektedir. Araştırmanın temel bulguları, Câbirî'nin anlayışında kelâm'daki birçok tartışmanın arka planında siyasî iktidar mücadeleleri, meşruiyet arayışları ve kültürel etkileşimlerin olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Örneğin Câbirî, kader tartışmalarının Emevî ideolojisini meşrulaştırdığını, halku'l-Kur'an meselesinin ise Abbâsîler dönemindeki 'Mihne' sürecinin bir parçası olduğunu iddia etmektedir. Onun eleştirisi geleneği reddetmek yerine, onu 'metni kendisiyle ve bizimle çağdaş hale getirme' ilkesi doğrultusunda eleştirel bir süzgeçten geçirerek modern dünyayla anlamlı bir diyalog kurabilecek dinamik bir forma kavuşturma çabasıdır. Sonuç olarak, bu tez Câbirî'nin projesinin, İslâm düşüncesini tarihsel durağanlıktan, taklitçilikten ve siyasî araçsallaştırmadan kurtararak, onu eleştirel, rasyonel, ahlakî ve demokratik modern değerlerle buluşturabilecek kapsamlı bir yeniden yapılanma çağrısı olduğunu savunmaktadır.
This thesis aims to systematically analyze the radical criticism and reconstruction (iʿādat al-binā) proposal directed towards classical kalām (Islâmic theology) by the contemporary Arab thinker Muhammad Âbid al-Jabiri (1935-2010), within the framework of his critical project targeting the Arab-Islâmic intellectual tradition. According to Jabiri, kalām is not merely a theological and metaphysical discipline but a field of discourse that must be understood within its historical, political, and social contexts. Based on Jabiri's 'Critique of the Arab-Islâmic Reason' quadrilogy (The Formation of Arab Reason, The Structure of Arab Reason, Arab Political Reason and Arab Ethical Reason) and his works on Qur'anic hermeneutics, the study demonstrates his historicist and contextual approach to traditional kalām issues such as tawhid (divine unity), nubuwwah (prophethood), miracle, creation of the Qur'an (khalq al-Qur'ān), afterlife, predestination (qadar), beatific vision (ru'yatullāh), guidance and misguidance (hidāyah-dalālah), excommunication (takfīr), and imamate. In analyzing these issues, Jabiri centers his own tripartite epistemological model (bayān - demonstrative/burhān - rational proof/irfān - mystical intuition) and particularly proposes burhān as a fundamental method. The key findings of the research reveal that Jabiri demonstrates how many debates in kalām were underpinned by political power struggles, legitimacy quests, and cultural interactions. For instance, he argues that predestination debates served to legitimize Umayyad ideology, while the issue of the creation of the Qur'an was part of the Abbasid-era 'Mihna' (inquisition). His criticism is not an effort to reject tradition but to subject it to a critical filter following the principle of 'making the text contemporary with itself and with us,' aiming to transform it into a dynamic form capable of meaningful dialogue with the modern world. In conclusion, this thesis argues that Jabiri's project is a comprehensive call for reconstruction, seeking to liberate Islâmic thought from historical stagnation, traditionalism, and political instrumentalization, and to enable its encounter with critical, rational, ethical, and democratic modern values.
This thesis aims to systematically analyze the radical criticism and reconstruction (iʿādat al-binā) proposal directed towards classical kalām (Islâmic theology) by the contemporary Arab thinker Muhammad Âbid al-Jabiri (1935-2010), within the framework of his critical project targeting the Arab-Islâmic intellectual tradition. According to Jabiri, kalām is not merely a theological and metaphysical discipline but a field of discourse that must be understood within its historical, political, and social contexts. Based on Jabiri's 'Critique of the Arab-Islâmic Reason' quadrilogy (The Formation of Arab Reason, The Structure of Arab Reason, Arab Political Reason and Arab Ethical Reason) and his works on Qur'anic hermeneutics, the study demonstrates his historicist and contextual approach to traditional kalām issues such as tawhid (divine unity), nubuwwah (prophethood), miracle, creation of the Qur'an (khalq al-Qur'ān), afterlife, predestination (qadar), beatific vision (ru'yatullāh), guidance and misguidance (hidāyah-dalālah), excommunication (takfīr), and imamate. In analyzing these issues, Jabiri centers his own tripartite epistemological model (bayān - demonstrative/burhān - rational proof/irfān - mystical intuition) and particularly proposes burhān as a fundamental method. The key findings of the research reveal that Jabiri demonstrates how many debates in kalām were underpinned by political power struggles, legitimacy quests, and cultural interactions. For instance, he argues that predestination debates served to legitimize Umayyad ideology, while the issue of the creation of the Qur'an was part of the Abbasid-era 'Mihna' (inquisition). His criticism is not an effort to reject tradition but to subject it to a critical filter following the principle of 'making the text contemporary with itself and with us,' aiming to transform it into a dynamic form capable of meaningful dialogue with the modern world. In conclusion, this thesis argues that Jabiri's project is a comprehensive call for reconstruction, seeking to liberate Islâmic thought from historical stagnation, traditionalism, and political instrumentalization, and to enable its encounter with critical, rational, ethical, and democratic modern values.
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