Publication: Samsun İli Süs Bitkileri Yetiştirilen Alanlardaki Kök-ur Nematodu Türleri (Meloidogyne Spp.)'nin Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Kök-ur nematodları (Meloidogyne spp.), tarımsal ürünlerde endoparazit olarak beslenen ve çok çeşitli bitki türlerini enfekte ederek önemli zararlara neden olan yaygın bitki parazitleridir. Sebzeler, tarla bitkileri ve süs bitkileri de dahil olmak üzere 3000'den fazla konukçusu olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Samsun Atakum, Bafra, Canik, Çarşamba, Ondokuzmayıs, Tekkeköy, Terme ilçelerinde iç mekan, dış mekan ve kesme çiçekleri kapsayan süs bitkileri yetiştirilen alanlardaki kök-ur nematodu türlerinin dağılışı, bulaşıklık seviyesi ile morfolojik ve polyacrylamide jel elektroforez (PAGE) yöntemleriyle teşhisi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Değerlendirilmeye alınan 27 süs bitkisi üretim alanın 13' ünün (%48) kök-ur nematodları ile bulaşık olduğu saptanmıştır. Süs bitkisi üretim alanlarında kök-ur nematodu ile bulaşıklık oranı en yüksek %31,43 (Om-2) oranı ile Ondokuzmayıs ilçesinde tespit edilirken, bunu %7,00 (At-3) oranı ile Atakum ilçesi izlemiştir. Bulaşıklık tespit edilen süs bitkilerinde en yüksek ur sklası (9-10) Crassula ovata (Mill.) Druce (Para bitkisi), Echinopsis tubiflora (Pfeiff.) Zucc (Kaynana topuzu) ve Sedum album L. (Çoban kavurgası)'da belirlenmiştir. Perineal pattern morfolojisi ve esteraz fenotipi analizleriyle yapılan teşhis sonuçlarına göre, kök-ur nematodu türlerinden Meloidogyne luci'nin %72.92 oranı ile en yaygın tür olduğu tespit edilirken bunu sırasıyla M. incognita (%22.92), M. arenaria (%18.75), M. javanica (%10.42) takip etmiştir. Bulaşıklık tespit edilen 48 süs bitkisinin 14'ünden birden fazla kök-ur nematodu türünün bir arada olduğu karışık popülasyonlar elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma ile Samsun ilinde ilk defa süs bitkileri üretim alanlarındaki kök-ur nematodlarının dağılışı, bulaşıklık seviyesi ve tür çeşitliliği belirlenmiştir.
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are common plant parasites that feed as endoparasites on agricultural crops and cause significant damage by infecting a wide variety of plant species. It is known that they have more than 3,000 hosts, including vegetables, field crops, and ornamental plants. In this study, ornamental plants grown in areas covering indoor, outdoor, and cut flowers in the districts of Samsun Atakum, Bafra, Canik, Çarşamba, Ondokuzmayıs, Tekkeköy, and Terme districts, the distribution of root-knot nematode species, infection levels, and diagnosis using morphological and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) methods were determined in areas where ornamental plants, including indoor, outdoor, and cut flowers, are cultivated. Of the 27 ornamental plant production areas evaluated, 13 (48%) were found to be infected with root-knot nematodes. The highest rate of root-knot nematode infection in ornamental plant production areas was detected in Ondokuzmayıs district with a rate of 31.43% (Om-2), followed by Atakum district with a rate of 7.00% (At-3). The highest gall class (9-10) was determined in ornamental plants infected with root-knot nematodes, specifically in Crassula ovata (Mill.) Druce (Money plant), Echinopsis tubiflora (Pfeiff.) Zucc (Mother-in-law's tongue), and Sedum album L. (Shepherd's purse). According to the diagnostic results obtained through perineal pattern morphology and esterase phenotype analyses, Meloidogyne luci was identified as the most prevalent root-knot nematode species with a rate of 72.92%, followed by M. incognita (22.92%), M. arenaria (18.75%), and M. javanica (10.42%). Mixed populations of more than one root-knot nematode species were obtained from 14 of the 48 ornamental plants found to be infected. In conclusion, this study determined the distribution, infection level, and species diversity of root-knot nematodes in ornamental plant production areas in Samsun Province for the first time.
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are common plant parasites that feed as endoparasites on agricultural crops and cause significant damage by infecting a wide variety of plant species. It is known that they have more than 3,000 hosts, including vegetables, field crops, and ornamental plants. In this study, ornamental plants grown in areas covering indoor, outdoor, and cut flowers in the districts of Samsun Atakum, Bafra, Canik, Çarşamba, Ondokuzmayıs, Tekkeköy, and Terme districts, the distribution of root-knot nematode species, infection levels, and diagnosis using morphological and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) methods were determined in areas where ornamental plants, including indoor, outdoor, and cut flowers, are cultivated. Of the 27 ornamental plant production areas evaluated, 13 (48%) were found to be infected with root-knot nematodes. The highest rate of root-knot nematode infection in ornamental plant production areas was detected in Ondokuzmayıs district with a rate of 31.43% (Om-2), followed by Atakum district with a rate of 7.00% (At-3). The highest gall class (9-10) was determined in ornamental plants infected with root-knot nematodes, specifically in Crassula ovata (Mill.) Druce (Money plant), Echinopsis tubiflora (Pfeiff.) Zucc (Mother-in-law's tongue), and Sedum album L. (Shepherd's purse). According to the diagnostic results obtained through perineal pattern morphology and esterase phenotype analyses, Meloidogyne luci was identified as the most prevalent root-knot nematode species with a rate of 72.92%, followed by M. incognita (22.92%), M. arenaria (18.75%), and M. javanica (10.42%). Mixed populations of more than one root-knot nematode species were obtained from 14 of the 48 ornamental plants found to be infected. In conclusion, this study determined the distribution, infection level, and species diversity of root-knot nematodes in ornamental plant production areas in Samsun Province for the first time.
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