Chemical Contamination in Upper Horizon of Haplic Chernozem as a Transformation Factor of Its Physicochemical Properties

Abstract

Purpose: The effect of Cu, Zn, and Pb high rates on the physical properties and organic matter of Haplic Chernozem (Clayic) (A1 horizon 0–20 cm) under model experimental conditions was studied. Materials and methods: In a model experiment, soil samples of Haplic Chernozem (Clayic) were artificially contaminated with 2000 mg/kg of Cu, Zn, and Pb acetates added separately. The particle-size fraction, the microaggregates distribution, the structural status, the total content and fractional and group composition of organic matter, physico-mechanical properties were determined in soil without metals and soil contaminated with metals. Results and discussion: At the soil contamination with Cu, Zn, and Pb, the content of organo-mineral colloids increased, which results to the increasing of the clay fraction content by 4.5% compared to the control. The analysis of the microaggregate size composition of the studied soil shows that the content of coarser aggregates (1–0.25 mm) increases and the content of finer (0.05–0.001 mm) aggregates decreases after the addition of HMs and correspond to the HMs series: Cu → Zn → Pb. A significant decrease in the coefficient of water stability in the control from 3.0 to 1.4–1.5 in the contaminated treatments. The structural status (estimated from total agronomically valuable aggregates) changes from excellent to good. The addition of Cu, Zn, and Pb to the soil affects the quantitative composition of organic matter. The contents of free and sesquioxide-bound humic acids and free fulvic acids increased. The contamination with Zn and Pb causes the aliphatization of organic matter. Conclusions: Under conditions of model experiment, the contamination of Haplic Chernozem (Clayic) with high rates of Cu, Zn, and Pb leads to changes of the microaggregates distribution, the structural status, and the qualitative composition of organic matter. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.