Publication: Hellim Peyniri Yapımında Soya Sütü Kullanımı
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Ill HELLİM PEYNİRİ YAPIMINDA SOYA SÜTÜ KULLANIMI ÖZET Bu araştırmada inek sütü+ soya sütü karışımından farklı pH, maya miktarı ve CaCI2 oranı kullanılarak hellim peynirleri üretilmiştir. Farklı salamura tuz konsantrasyonu ve depolama süreleri sonunda peynirlerin kimyasal ve duyusal nitelikleri incelenmiştir. Ön denemelerden elde edilen bilgiler ışığında %85 inek sütü %15 soya sütü kullanılmıştır. Hazırlanmış olan peynir sütlerine %0.04-0.05 CaCI2 eklenmiş ve pH'sı 6.0- 6.5 ayarlanmıştır. 1/8333 kuvvetindeki sıvı mayadan Mı (=5ml ) ve M2 (=2.5ml ) kullanılarak hellim peynirine işlenmiştir. Elde edilen peynirler tuz konsantrasyonu %8-9- 10 olan salamuralarda soğuk hava depolarında 1, 10 ve 20 gün depolandıktan sonra kimyasal ve duyusal teste tabi tutulmuşlardır. Kontrol olarak kullanılan peynirler sade inek sütüne %0.02 CaCl2 ilave edilip pH'sı 6.5'e ayarlanarak 2.5 mi maya ilavesiyle üretilmiş ve aynı şartlarda depolanıp değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen peynirlerin peyniraltı suları, proteini alınmış peyniraltı suları ve haşlama sonrası peyniraltı suları kurumadde ve yağ kaybı açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Deneme hellim peynirleri 1. 10. ve 20. günlerde kurumadde, yağ, titrasyon asitliği, tuz, protein, suda eriyen azot miktarının yanısıra peynirlerin duyusal özelliklerinden; renk ve görünüş, yapı ve kıvam ile tat ve koku bakımından değerlendirilmeye tabi tutulmuşlardır. Deneme üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Peyniraltı suyunda kurumadde kaybı üzerine pH'nın etkisi, proteini alınmış peyniraltı suyunda kurumadde kaybı üzerine CaCl2 x pH interaksiyonunun etkisi ve haşlama suyunda kurumadde kaybı üzerine maya miktarı x pH interaksiyonunun etkisi P ?0.05 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. Peyniraltı suyunda yağ kaybı üzerine maya miktarı ve pI I'nın etkisi önemli bulunmuştur. Hellim peynirlerinde kurumadde miktarı %35.74 ile %42.55 arasında değerler göstermiştir. Süt pH'sının düşürülmesi, kullanılan maya miktarının azaltılması ve salamura tuz konsantrasyonunun artışı peynirlerin kurumaddesinde artışa neden olmuştur. Ayrıca depolama süresince kurumadde miktarında azalma olmuştur. En yüksekIV kurumadde miktarı pil 6.0, 5 ml maya miktarı ve %0.04 CaCl2 kullanılarak yapılan ve % 1 0 salamurada depolanan hellim peynirinin ilk gününde saptanmıştır. Yağ miktarı %8.83 ile %13.33 arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. Süt pH'sımn 6.5'den 6.(Ta düşürülmesi ve depolama süresinin uzatılması, yağ oranını azaltırken, maya miktarının düşürülmesi ve CaCl2 oranının artırılması yağ oranının artmasına yol açmıştır. En yüksek yağ miktarı pH 6.0 ve %0.05 CaCI2 içeren sütlerin, 2.5 mi maya miktarıyla peynire işlenerek %10 salamurada depolanan hellim peyniri örneklerinde saptanmıştır. Deneme hellim peynirlerinin titrasyon asitliği %0.48 ile %0.67 arasında değişmiştir. Peynir sütünün pH'sının düşmesi, CaCl2 oranının artması ve depolama süresinin uzaması peynirlerin titrasyon asitliğinin yükselmesine neden olmuştur. En yüksek titrasyon asitliği; %0.05 CaCI2 içeren ve 5 mi maya ile pıhtılaştırılarak yapılan hellim peynirlerinde depolamanın 20. gününde saptanmıştır. Hellim peynirlerinin tuz miktarı %3.33 ile %7.07 arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. Sütlerde pH'nın düşmesi ve CaCI2 oranının artması peynirlerde tuz miktarını düşürürken ; maya miktarının azalması, salamura tuz konsantrasyonunun artması ve depolama süresinin uzaması peynirlerde tuz miktarının yükselmesine neden olmuştur. En yüksek tuz miktarı pH'sı 6.0 olan ve %0.04 CaCI2 içeren sütlerden yapılan peynirlerin %10 salamurada bekletilenlerinde elde edilmiştir. Deneme hellim peynirlerinin protein miktarı % 13.670 ile % 19.250 arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. Süt pH'sının düşmesi ve peynirlerin salamura tuz konsantrasyonunun artması protein miktarım artırırken, depolama süresince protein miktarı düşmüştür. En yüksek protein miktarına pH'sı 6.0 ve %0.04 CaCI2 içeren sütlerin 2.5 mi maya miktarı ile peynire işlenmiş olanlarında saptanmıştır. Hellim peynirlerinin suda eriyen azot miktarı %0.127 ile %0.68 arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. Süt pH'sının düşmesi ve maya miktarının artması yanında salamura tuz konsantrasyonunun ve depolama süresinin artması peynirlerin suda eriyen azot miktarını artırmıştır. En fazla suda eriyen azot miktarı pH'sı 6.0 ve %0.05 CaCI2 içeren sütlerin, 5 mi maya miktarı kullanılarak yapılan peynirlerin %10'luk salamurada 20 gün süreyle depolananlarında saptanmıştır. Deneme hellim peynirlerinin duyusal özelliklerinden renk ve görünüş puanı, pH'nın düşmesi ile yükselirken, depolama süresinin uzamasıyla düşmüştür. En yüksekrenk ve görünüş puanı, 2.5 mi maya miktarı kullanılarak yapılan peynirlerin taze olanlarında elde edilmiştir. Süt pH' sının düşürülmesi ve CaCl2 oranının yükseltilmesi peynirlerin yapı ve kıvamım iyileştirirken, depolama süresinin uzaması kötü etki yapmıştır. En yüksek yapı ve kıvam puanı %0.05 CaCl2 içeren sütlerden yapılan peynirlerin, %9 salamurada muhafaza edilmiş olanlarında tespit edilmiştir. Süt pH'sının düşmesi tat ve koku üzerinde olumlu etki yaparken depolama süresinin uzaması olumsuz etkide bulunmuştur. Deneme hellim peynirleri gerek kimyasal gerekse duyusal yönden değerlendirildiğinde en iyi hellim peynirinin; pH'sı 6.0, %0.04 CaCl2 içeren ve 2.5 mi maya miktarı ilave edilmiş %85 inek sütü + % 15 soya sütü karışımından elde edilebileceği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu peynirlerin daha olumlu sonuç verebilmesi için kuru tuzlama şeklinde muhafazasının denenmesi tavsiye edilebilir. Ayrıca soya sütünden kaynaklanan kremimsi renk, tüketici tarafından olumsuz olarak değerlendirilmekte ve peynirin kalitesinin düşmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu sorunu çözmek amacıyla çalışmaların devam etmesi gerekmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Soya sütü, hellim peyniri
VI USING OF SOYMILK IN HELLOUM CHEESE MAKING ABSTRACT In this research, helloum cheeses were produced from cow milk +soy bean milk mix by using different pH degrees, coagulant amounts and CaCI2 rates. Chemical and orgonoleptic properties of cheeses were investigated at different brine concentration and storage time. In the light of date obtained from preliminary study, 85 % cow milk + 15 % soybean milk mix was used. Afterwards, 0.04% - 0.05% CaCI2 was added to the milks and pH adducted at 6.0-6.5 and converted to helloum cheese by using Mi (5ml) an M2 (2.5ml) at 1/8333 strength liquid rennet. Then chemical and organoleptic tests were performed on cheeses which were stored in brines with 8-9-10 % salt concentration at cold stores for 1. 10. And 20 days. For, production of cheeses used as control group, 0.02% CaCl2 was added, pH was adducted at 6.5 and 2.5 ml rennet was added and these cheese (control group) were stored and evaluated at same conditions mentioned above. Wheys, deproteinated wheys and post-scalding wheys were evaluated in terms of losses of dry matter and fat. Helloum cheeses were evaluated in terms of chemical (dry matter, fat, titration acidity, salt, protein, water soluble N) organoleptic (color, appearance, texture, viscosity, taste and odor) properties at 1st,10th and 20th days. The study was conducted with three replication. The effects of pH (Wheys) and CaCI2 x pH interaction (deproteined whwys) on dty matter losses were found significant (P <0,05)Rennet amount x pH interaction had significant effect on dry matter loss at scalding water (P< 0.05). Besides this rennet amount and pH affected fat losses at wheys significantly (P Dry mailer contents of helloum cheeses were changed between 42.55% and 35.74%. Decreased in milk pH and rennet amounts and increases in brine salt concentration caused increases in dry matter contents of cheeses.VII Dry matter contents were decreased along the storage period. The highest dry matter content was found for 1 * days of cheese produced at pH 6.0 by rennet 5 ml and 0.04% CaCl2 and stored in 10% brine. Fat contents were between 8.83% and 13.33%. While the decrease in pH (from 6.5 to 6.0) and increase in storage time cause the fat content to decrease, the increase in CaCl2 rate and the decrease in rennet amount increased the fat content Highest fat content was found for cheese samples obtained by 2.5 ml rennet addition to milk containing 0.05% CaCI2 (pH=6.0) by and stored in 10 % brine. Helloum cheese had titration acidity varied between 0.48%and 0.67%. Increases in CaCİ2 rates and storage times and decreases in milk pH increased the titration acidites of cheeses. The highest titration acidity value was found for 20 th storage day of cheeses with 0.05% CaCl2 contents produced by coagulation with 5 ml rennet. Salt contents of helloum cheeses varied between 3.33% and 7.07%. While the decreases in milk pH and increases in CaCI2 rate decrease salt content of cheeses the decreases in rennet amount and increases in brine salt concentration and in storage time increased salt content of cheeses. The highest salt content was found for cheeses produced from milk samples contained 0.04% CaCl2,pH 6.0 and storage in 10 % brine. Protein contents of helloum cheeses were between 13.67 % and 19.25%. Decrease in milk pH and increase in brine salt concentration increased the protein content. Beside this, protein content was decreased along the storage period. The highest protein content was found for cheeses contained 0.04 % CaCI2, pH 6.0 and converted to cheese with 2.5 ml rennet Water soluble N contents of helloum cheeses varied between 0.127 %and 0.68 %. The increases in rennet amount, brine salt concentration and storage time and decreases in milk pH caused an increase in water soluble N contents of cheeses. The highest water soluble N content was found for cheeses produced from milks containing 0.05 CaCİ2,pH 6.0 with 5 ml rennet addition and stored in 20 % brine for 20 days. While the color and appearance points increased with decrease in pH, they decreased with increase in storage time. The highest color and appearance points were determined for fresh cheeses produced with 2.5 ml rennet addition.VIII Reduction in milk pH and increase in CaCİ2 improved the body and texture of cheeses. Lengthening of storage period affected body and texture of cheeses negatively. The highest body and texture point was found for cheeses produced from milks contained 0.05% CaCI2 and stored in 9 %brine. While the low milk pH values improved taste and odor of cheeses, lengthening of storage period affected there parameters negatively..At the and of the experiment, it was concluded that, in the highest of chemical and organoleptic evaluations the best qualities of helloum cheeses could be produced from 85 % cow milk + 15 % soybean milk, containing 0.04 % CaCI2 with 2.5 ml ferment addition. It could be recommended to store these cheeses as dry salting in odor to have satisfactory results. Furthermore, creamy color raised from soy milk evaluated by consumers negatively and cause the reduction in cheeses quality. For this reason, it is a must to go on studies to solve this problem. Key Words: Soymilk, helloum cheese,
VI USING OF SOYMILK IN HELLOUM CHEESE MAKING ABSTRACT In this research, helloum cheeses were produced from cow milk +soy bean milk mix by using different pH degrees, coagulant amounts and CaCI2 rates. Chemical and orgonoleptic properties of cheeses were investigated at different brine concentration and storage time. In the light of date obtained from preliminary study, 85 % cow milk + 15 % soybean milk mix was used. Afterwards, 0.04% - 0.05% CaCI2 was added to the milks and pH adducted at 6.0-6.5 and converted to helloum cheese by using Mi (5ml) an M2 (2.5ml) at 1/8333 strength liquid rennet. Then chemical and organoleptic tests were performed on cheeses which were stored in brines with 8-9-10 % salt concentration at cold stores for 1. 10. And 20 days. For, production of cheeses used as control group, 0.02% CaCl2 was added, pH was adducted at 6.5 and 2.5 ml rennet was added and these cheese (control group) were stored and evaluated at same conditions mentioned above. Wheys, deproteinated wheys and post-scalding wheys were evaluated in terms of losses of dry matter and fat. Helloum cheeses were evaluated in terms of chemical (dry matter, fat, titration acidity, salt, protein, water soluble N) organoleptic (color, appearance, texture, viscosity, taste and odor) properties at 1st,10th and 20th days. The study was conducted with three replication. The effects of pH (Wheys) and CaCI2 x pH interaction (deproteined whwys) on dty matter losses were found significant (P <0,05)Rennet amount x pH interaction had significant effect on dry matter loss at scalding water (P< 0.05). Besides this rennet amount and pH affected fat losses at wheys significantly (P Dry mailer contents of helloum cheeses were changed between 42.55% and 35.74%. Decreased in milk pH and rennet amounts and increases in brine salt concentration caused increases in dry matter contents of cheeses.VII Dry matter contents were decreased along the storage period. The highest dry matter content was found for 1 * days of cheese produced at pH 6.0 by rennet 5 ml and 0.04% CaCl2 and stored in 10% brine. Fat contents were between 8.83% and 13.33%. While the decrease in pH (from 6.5 to 6.0) and increase in storage time cause the fat content to decrease, the increase in CaCl2 rate and the decrease in rennet amount increased the fat content Highest fat content was found for cheese samples obtained by 2.5 ml rennet addition to milk containing 0.05% CaCI2 (pH=6.0) by and stored in 10 % brine. Helloum cheese had titration acidity varied between 0.48%and 0.67%. Increases in CaCİ2 rates and storage times and decreases in milk pH increased the titration acidites of cheeses. The highest titration acidity value was found for 20 th storage day of cheeses with 0.05% CaCl2 contents produced by coagulation with 5 ml rennet. Salt contents of helloum cheeses varied between 3.33% and 7.07%. While the decreases in milk pH and increases in CaCI2 rate decrease salt content of cheeses the decreases in rennet amount and increases in brine salt concentration and in storage time increased salt content of cheeses. The highest salt content was found for cheeses produced from milk samples contained 0.04% CaCl2,pH 6.0 and storage in 10 % brine. Protein contents of helloum cheeses were between 13.67 % and 19.25%. Decrease in milk pH and increase in brine salt concentration increased the protein content. Beside this, protein content was decreased along the storage period. The highest protein content was found for cheeses contained 0.04 % CaCI2, pH 6.0 and converted to cheese with 2.5 ml rennet Water soluble N contents of helloum cheeses varied between 0.127 %and 0.68 %. The increases in rennet amount, brine salt concentration and storage time and decreases in milk pH caused an increase in water soluble N contents of cheeses. The highest water soluble N content was found for cheeses produced from milks containing 0.05 CaCİ2,pH 6.0 with 5 ml rennet addition and stored in 20 % brine for 20 days. While the color and appearance points increased with decrease in pH, they decreased with increase in storage time. The highest color and appearance points were determined for fresh cheeses produced with 2.5 ml rennet addition.VIII Reduction in milk pH and increase in CaCİ2 improved the body and texture of cheeses. Lengthening of storage period affected body and texture of cheeses negatively. The highest body and texture point was found for cheeses produced from milks contained 0.05% CaCI2 and stored in 9 %brine. While the low milk pH values improved taste and odor of cheeses, lengthening of storage period affected there parameters negatively..At the and of the experiment, it was concluded that, in the highest of chemical and organoleptic evaluations the best qualities of helloum cheeses could be produced from 85 % cow milk + 15 % soybean milk, containing 0.04 % CaCI2 with 2.5 ml ferment addition. It could be recommended to store these cheeses as dry salting in odor to have satisfactory results. Furthermore, creamy color raised from soy milk evaluated by consumers negatively and cause the reduction in cheeses quality. For this reason, it is a must to go on studies to solve this problem. Key Words: Soymilk, helloum cheese,
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Tez (doktora) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 1999
Libra Kayıt No: 36420
Libra Kayıt No: 36420
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