Publication: Görsel Kültür Öğesi Olan Dövmenin Dijitopik Kurguları Destekleyen Rolü
Abstract
Geçmişten bugüne sanatın ve zanaatın kullanım biçimlerinde, anlamlarında, uygulama yöntemlerinde farklılıklar görülmektedir. Dövmenin her bölgede ve coğrafya da farklı işlenmesi kültürel bir üslup ile bezendiğini, şekillendiğini göstermektedir. Farklı kültürlerde rastlanan dövme tekniği toplumlarda ritüel anı, büyü, Ana Tanrıça'ya tapınma işareti, damgalama ile ceza yöntemi, suçluyu belirtme, aile fert üyesini belirtme, düşmanı korkutma, süslenme, kurban işareti, mülkiyet belgesi, soyluluk-yiğitlik- mevki göstergesi, sosyetesinin moda işareti, milliyetçilik ve yurtseverlik işareti olarak kullanılmıştır. Dövmenin ortaçağda dinlerin etkisi ile körelmesinden kaynaklı bulgulara rastlanılmadığından dövmenin gerileme dönemine tanıklık edilir, sonrasında ise 19. yüzyıl sonuna kadar vücudu anlamlandırma, kimlikleştirme ve işaretleme amaçlı kullanılmıştır. Dövme tekniğinin makine kullanımıyla 20. yüzyılda toplumun her sınıfına ulaşabilen bir endüstri haline geldiğini söyleyebiliriz. 20. yüzyıl sonrası modern dönem ile dövme yeniden bir oluşum içine girmiş ve toplumsal hareketlerde bireysellik işareti ile kapitalist tüketim unsuru olarak modeller bedene işlenmiştir. Kimlik oluşturma, karşı tarafa mesaj verme, vücudu güzel/çekici gözükmek için seçilen görsellerle bezeme, değer verdiği bir şeyi anımsatan görseli kalıcı olarak bedene işleme, farklı görünme, bir topluma aidiyeti gösterme gibi çoğaltılabilecek nedenlerle günümüzde de dövmenin yaygınlaşan kullanımı gözlemlenmektedir. Gelecekçi kurgularla oluşturulan sinemalarda, dijital oyunlarda tasarlanan karakterlerde de dövmenin yoğun kullanımı dikkat çekmektedir. Geçmişten günümüze kültür ve bireyi tanımlayan özelliğe sahip dövmenin, gelecekçi kurgularda kültür ve bireyi tasarlayan, algı yönetiminde kullanılan bir yapıya dönüştüğü düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda da araştırmada, günümüzde tasarlanan gelecekçi kurguların 'kültürü yansıtan' görsel kültür öğesi olmaktan öte 'insan ve kültür biçimleyen' unsurlar olup olmadığı irdelenecektir.
From past to present, there are differences in the usage styles, meanings and application methods of art and craft. The fact that the tattoo is treated differently in each region and geography shows that it is decorated and shaped with a cultural style. The tattoo technique encountered in different cultures is ritual memory, magic, the sign of worshiping the Mother Goddess, the method of punishment by stigmatization, indicating the criminal, indicating the member of the family, scaring the enemy, adornment, sacrifice sign, property certificate, nobility-bravery-status sign, high society. It has been used as a fashion sign, a sign of nationalism and patriotism. Since there is no evidence that tattoo was blunted with the influence of religions in the Middle Ages, the decline of the tattoo is witnessed, and then it was used for meaning, identification and marking of the body until the end of the 19th century. We can say that the tattoo technique has become an industry that can reach every class of society in the 20th century with the use of machinery. With the modern period after the 20th century, tattoos have re-entered into a formation and models are embroidered on the body as a sign of individuality and capitalist consumption in social movements. Today, the widespread use of tattoos is still observed for reasons that can be reproduced such as creating an identity, giving a message to the other party, embellishing the body with images chosen to look beautiful / attractive, permanently embroidering an image that reminds of something that it values, looking different, showing belonging to a society. In cinemas created with futuristic fictions and characters designed in digital games, the intensive use of tattoos draws attention. It is thought that the tattoo, which has the characteristic of defining the culture and the individual from the past to the present, has turned into a structure that designs the culture and the individual in futuristic fictions and is used in perception management. In this context, the research will examine whether the futuristic fictions designed today are elements that 'shape people and culture' rather than 'reflect the culture'.
From past to present, there are differences in the usage styles, meanings and application methods of art and craft. The fact that the tattoo is treated differently in each region and geography shows that it is decorated and shaped with a cultural style. The tattoo technique encountered in different cultures is ritual memory, magic, the sign of worshiping the Mother Goddess, the method of punishment by stigmatization, indicating the criminal, indicating the member of the family, scaring the enemy, adornment, sacrifice sign, property certificate, nobility-bravery-status sign, high society. It has been used as a fashion sign, a sign of nationalism and patriotism. Since there is no evidence that tattoo was blunted with the influence of religions in the Middle Ages, the decline of the tattoo is witnessed, and then it was used for meaning, identification and marking of the body until the end of the 19th century. We can say that the tattoo technique has become an industry that can reach every class of society in the 20th century with the use of machinery. With the modern period after the 20th century, tattoos have re-entered into a formation and models are embroidered on the body as a sign of individuality and capitalist consumption in social movements. Today, the widespread use of tattoos is still observed for reasons that can be reproduced such as creating an identity, giving a message to the other party, embellishing the body with images chosen to look beautiful / attractive, permanently embroidering an image that reminds of something that it values, looking different, showing belonging to a society. In cinemas created with futuristic fictions and characters designed in digital games, the intensive use of tattoos draws attention. It is thought that the tattoo, which has the characteristic of defining the culture and the individual from the past to the present, has turned into a structure that designs the culture and the individual in futuristic fictions and is used in perception management. In this context, the research will examine whether the futuristic fictions designed today are elements that 'shape people and culture' rather than 'reflect the culture'.
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