Publication: Farklı Rakım ve Toprak Derinliği Değişkenliklerinin Fındık Bahçelerinin Toprak Kalitesine Etkileri
Abstract
Karadeniz bölgesinde gelecekte de fındık üretiminin sürdürülebilmesi için fındık yetiştiriciliği yapılan bölgelerde iklim değişikliğinin etkilerini azaltacak yönetimlerin belirlenmesi ülkemiz için önemli bir stratejik süreçtir. Mevcut çalışmada, dört farklı rakım seviyesinin (0-50 m, 50-250 m, 250-500 m ve 500+ m) ve altı farklı toprak derinliğinin (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm ve 40-60 cm) fındık bahçelerinin toprak kalitesi üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Öncelikle sıcaklık ve yağış gibi iklim faktörleri ile eğim ve eğim uzunluğu gibi topoğrafik faktörlerin değiştiği bir doğrusal eğim hattı boyunca toprak kalitesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca toprak kalitesinin korunmasına ve iyileştirilmesine katkı verebilecek sürdürülebilir toprak yönetim stratejilerinin belirlenmesi de amaçlanmıştır. Samsun ilinin Çarşamba, Terme, Tekkeköy, Salıpazarı ve Ayvacık ilçelerini kapsayan çalışma alanının da 17 adet potansiyel toprak kalite göstergesinin analizi yapılmıştır. Toprak kalite değerlendirmesinde kullanılacak göstergelere, temel bileşenler analizi (TBA) ve minimum veri seti (MVS) ile karar verilmiştir. Analizler sonrasında toprak kalite indeksi hesaplamak için nihai toprak kalite göstergeleri olarak kum içeriği, kil oranı, modifiye kil oranı, organik madde, pH ve alınabilir çinko belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanında toprak kalitesi, farklı rakım seviyelerinin ve toprak derinliklerinin etkisiyle anlamlı olarak (p<0.001) değişmiştir. En yüksek ortalama toprak kalite indeksi değerleri 50-250 m rakım seviyesinde 0.58 olarak, 0-10 cm toprak derinliğinde de 0.65 olarak belirlenmiştir. Toprak kalite indeksi hem artan rakım seviyelerinde hem de artan toprak derinliklerinde anlamlı olarak azalmıştır. Çalışma sonunda fındık bahçelerinde toprak kalitesinin korunması ve iyileştirilmesi için organik madde kayıplarını azaltacak, dengeli bir toprak pH'sı oluşturacak, toprakların erozyona karşı direncini artıracak ve mikro bitki besin elementi miktarlarını artıracak yönetim stratejilerinin öne çıktığı belirlenmiştir.
In order to sustain hazelnut production in the Black Sea region in the future, determining management that will reduce the effects of climate change in hazelnut-growing regions is an important strategic process for our country. In the present study, the effects of four different altitude levels (0-50 m, 50-250 m, 250-500 m, and 500+ m) and six different soil depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm, and 40-60 cm) on soil quality of hazelnut orchards were investigated. It is primarily aimed at determining the soil quality along a linear slope line where climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation change, and topographic factors such as slope and slope length change. It also aims to determine sustainable soil management strategies that can contribute to preserving and improving soil quality. In the study area covering Çarşamba, Terme, Tekkeköy, Salıpazarı, and Ayvacık districts of Samsun province, 17 potential soil quality indicators were analyzed. The indicators to be used in soil quality assessment were decided by principal component analysis (PCA) and minimum data set (MVS). After the analyses, sand content, clay content, modified clay content, organic matter, pH, and available zinc were determined as final soil quality indicators for calculating the soil quality index. The soil quality in the study area varied significantly (p<0.001) due to different altitude levels and soil depths. The highest average soil quality index values were 0.58 at the 50-250 m altitude and 0.65 at the 0-10 cm soil depth. The soil quality index decreased significantly with increasing altitude levels and soil depths. At the end of the study, it was determined that management strategies that will reduce the organic matter losses, create a balanced soil pH, increase the resistance of soils to erosion, and increase the amount of micronutrients are prominent in order to protect and improve soil quality in hazelnut orchards.
In order to sustain hazelnut production in the Black Sea region in the future, determining management that will reduce the effects of climate change in hazelnut-growing regions is an important strategic process for our country. In the present study, the effects of four different altitude levels (0-50 m, 50-250 m, 250-500 m, and 500+ m) and six different soil depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm, and 40-60 cm) on soil quality of hazelnut orchards were investigated. It is primarily aimed at determining the soil quality along a linear slope line where climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation change, and topographic factors such as slope and slope length change. It also aims to determine sustainable soil management strategies that can contribute to preserving and improving soil quality. In the study area covering Çarşamba, Terme, Tekkeköy, Salıpazarı, and Ayvacık districts of Samsun province, 17 potential soil quality indicators were analyzed. The indicators to be used in soil quality assessment were decided by principal component analysis (PCA) and minimum data set (MVS). After the analyses, sand content, clay content, modified clay content, organic matter, pH, and available zinc were determined as final soil quality indicators for calculating the soil quality index. The soil quality in the study area varied significantly (p<0.001) due to different altitude levels and soil depths. The highest average soil quality index values were 0.58 at the 50-250 m altitude and 0.65 at the 0-10 cm soil depth. The soil quality index decreased significantly with increasing altitude levels and soil depths. At the end of the study, it was determined that management strategies that will reduce the organic matter losses, create a balanced soil pH, increase the resistance of soils to erosion, and increase the amount of micronutrients are prominent in order to protect and improve soil quality in hazelnut orchards.
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