Publication: Sığır Beslemede Kullanılan Bazı Yem Hammadde ve Karma Yemlerin Besin Değerlerinin Kimyasal Analiz ve Yakın Kızılötesi Spektroskopi Yöntemleri İle Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma, sığır beslemede kullanılan bazı yem hammadde ve karma yemlerin kimyasal bileşimini, kimyasal ve Yakın Kızılötesi Yansıma Spektroskopisi NIRS (Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy) yöntemleriyle belirlemek ve iki yöntem arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, sığır beslemede ve karma yem üretiminde en fazla kullanılan 9 ayrı yem hammaddesi ve 5 farklı karma yem numuneleri kullanılmıştır. Yem örnekleri, Çorum, Amasya, Tokat ve Samsun illerinde bulunan yem fabrikaları ile yem bayilerinden toplanmıştır. Bu numunelerin besin madde analizleri kimyasal ve NIRS yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Tane ve endüstri kalıntısı yem maddelerinin analiz sonuçları, her iki yöntemde de genellikle birbirine yakın belirlenmiştir. Karma yemlerde ise nem, ham protein ve ham yağ içerikleri birbirine benzer bulunmuş iken, ham selüloz ve ham kül değerleri arasında farklılık önemli olarak saptanmıştır (P<0.01; P<0.001). Yem maddelerinin kimyasal ve NIRS analizleri arasında ham protein, ham kül, ham selüloz ve nişasta içerikleri açısından önemli ilişkiler (R2 = 0.9876; 0.8547; 0.9420; 0.9876) bulunurken, nem ile ham yağ içerikleri arasında düşük korelasyon tespit edilmiştir (R2 = 0.3362; 0.4141). Diğer taraftan, karma yemlerde ham protein içerikleri açısından yüksek bir korelasyon belirlenirken (R2 = 0.8274); nem, ham kül, ham yağ, ham selüloz ve nişasta içerikleri arasında düşük korelasyon tespit edilmiştir (R2 = 0.0293; 0.3576; 0.4811; 0.3375; 0.4661). Çalışmada, kimyasal analiz sonuçları ile NIRS cihazı kullanılarak elde edilen sonuçların birbirine çok yakın değerde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. NIRS yönteminin kimyasal analiz yöntemlerine alternatif olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
This study was carried out in order to determine the chemical composition of some feedstuff and compound feeds used in cattle feeding by chemical and Near Infrared Reflection Spectroscopy (NIRS) methods and to reveal the relationship between the two methods. In the study, 9 different feed raw materials and 5 different mixed feed samples, which are mostly used in cattle feeding and compound feed production, were used. Feed samples were collected from feed factories in Çorum, Amasya, Tokat and Samsun and its surroundings and from dealers selling feed. The nutrient analysis of these samples were determined by chemical and NIRS method. The analysis results of grain and industrial residue feedstuffs were generally similar in both methods. While the moisture, crude protein and crude fat contents were similar in compound feeds, the difference between crude fiber and ash values were significant (P<0.01; P<0.001). There were significant relationships (R2 = 0.9876; 0.8547; 0.9420; 0.9876) in term of contents of crude protein, crude ash, crude fiber and starch in chemical and NIRS analysis of feed materials, but low correlation were determined between moisture and ether extract contents (R2 = 0.3362; 0.4141). On the other hand, there were a high correlation in terms of crude protein contents in compound feeds (R2 = 0.8274); but, low correlation were determined between moisture, ash, ether extract, crude fiber and starch contents (R2 = 0.0293; 0.3576; 0.4811; 0.3375; 0.4661). In the study, chemical and NIRS analysis results were similar. The NIRS method can be alternative to chemical analysis methods.
This study was carried out in order to determine the chemical composition of some feedstuff and compound feeds used in cattle feeding by chemical and Near Infrared Reflection Spectroscopy (NIRS) methods and to reveal the relationship between the two methods. In the study, 9 different feed raw materials and 5 different mixed feed samples, which are mostly used in cattle feeding and compound feed production, were used. Feed samples were collected from feed factories in Çorum, Amasya, Tokat and Samsun and its surroundings and from dealers selling feed. The nutrient analysis of these samples were determined by chemical and NIRS method. The analysis results of grain and industrial residue feedstuffs were generally similar in both methods. While the moisture, crude protein and crude fat contents were similar in compound feeds, the difference between crude fiber and ash values were significant (P<0.01; P<0.001). There were significant relationships (R2 = 0.9876; 0.8547; 0.9420; 0.9876) in term of contents of crude protein, crude ash, crude fiber and starch in chemical and NIRS analysis of feed materials, but low correlation were determined between moisture and ether extract contents (R2 = 0.3362; 0.4141). On the other hand, there were a high correlation in terms of crude protein contents in compound feeds (R2 = 0.8274); but, low correlation were determined between moisture, ash, ether extract, crude fiber and starch contents (R2 = 0.0293; 0.3576; 0.4811; 0.3375; 0.4661). In the study, chemical and NIRS analysis results were similar. The NIRS method can be alternative to chemical analysis methods.
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