Publication: Samsun, Ordu ve Giresun İlleri Fındık Bahçelerinde Görülen Akar Türleri ve Yoğunluklarının Belirlenmesi
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Bu çalışma ile 2001-2002 yıllarında Ordu, Giresun ve Samsun illeri fındık bahçelerinde görülen akar türleri ve populasyon yoğunlukları tespit edilmiştir. Bölgede bulunan akar türlerini tespit etmek için, Samsun, Ordu ve Giresun illerinde toplam 27 bahçede sürveyler yapılmıştır. Bu sürveyler sırasında 3 alttakıma ait 14 familyadan 39 akar türü tespit edilmiştir. Bulunan bu akarlardan 7'si, fındıklarda önemli ölçüde zarara neden olan Eriophyidae familyasından olup, bu türler gal oluşturan Phytoptus avellanae Nal. ve Cecidophyopsis vermiformis Nal. ile vagrant form olarak bilinen Aculus comatus Nal., Tegenotus depressus Nal., Anthocoptes loricatus Nal., Phyllocoptes coryli Nal., Phyllocoptes lamlmani (Keifer) (Acari :Eriophyidae) türleridir. Tespit edilen diğer önemli zararlı akar türleri ise Tetranychidae familyasından Eotetranychus coryli Reck, Tetranycopsis horrldus Can.& Fan.ve Tetranychus sp.(Acari: Tetranychidae) 'dir. Böylece çalışma sonucunda fındık bahçelerinde Tarsonemidae, Tenuipalpidae familyasıdan tespit edilen türler ile birlikte toplam 15 tane bitki zararlısı akar türü tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan sürveylerde bu zararlı akarların yanısıra fazla miktarda predator akar türü de bulunmuştur. Bunlar içinde en yaygın olanlar Phytoseiidae familyasından Kampimodromus aberrans Oudemans., Typhloctonus tiliarum Oud., Paraseiulus soloiger, Phytoseius echinus Oud., Euseius finlandicus Oud., Amblyseius sp' A. andersoni, A. cucumeris Oud., A. potantillae Garman (Acari: Phytoseiidae) ile Tydeidae familyasından Tydeus californicus Banks., T. caudatus Duges ve Pronematus elongatus (Acari: Tydeidae) türleridir. Ancak bu çalışmada Stigmaeidae, Trombidiidae, Ascidae, Anystidae, Bdellidae, Cunaxidae familyalarından predator türlerin çok fazla yaygınlık gösteremedikleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca 3 'üAcaridae, l'iise Oribatidae familyalarından olmak üzere toplam 4 tane de nötr akar bulunmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında Samsun ilinde bulunan, biri ilaçlı diğeri ilaçsız iki bahçede tespit edilen akar türlerin populasyon yoğunlukları da belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda ilaçlı bahçelerde, özellikle ilaçlamalardan sonra, zararlılarla birlikte yararlı akar populasyon yoğunluğunda da önemli derecede azalma olduğu görülmüştür. Bir sonraki yıl ise, zararlıların daha yüksek populasyonda ortaya çıktığı gözlenmiştir. İlaçsız bahçede isezararlı akar yoğunluğu oldukça düşük iken, yararlı akar türlerinin sayısının ve yoğunluklarının daha yüksek olduğu da belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Fındık, Akar Türleri, Zararlılar, Populasyon Yoğunluğu,
In this study, mite species and their density in hazelnut orchards in Giresun, Ordu and Samsun provinces were determined in 2001-2002. A total of 27 hazelnut orchards were surveyed in these provinces and 39 mite species belonging to the 14 families from 3 suborders were determined. Seven species identified as eriophyid mites were all most important harmfull species in hazelnut. Of these species, Phytoptus avellanae Nal. And C. vermiformis Nal. were known as gal forming species while Aculus comatus Nal., Tegonotus depressus Nal., Anthocoptes loricatus Nal., Phyllocoptes coryli Nal., Phyllocoptes lamimani Keifer. as vagrant species. The other harmful species were identified as Eotetranychus coryli Reck, Tetranycopsis horridus Can.& Fan. and Tetranychus sp. (Acari: Tetranychidae). A total of 15 harmfull species in addition to the species from the families Tarsonomeidae and Tenuipalpidae were found in hazelnut orchards. Besides these harmfull species, many predator mite species were also found in hazelnut orchards. Kampimodromus aberrans Oudemans, Typhloctonus tiliarum Oud., paraseiulus soloiger, Phytoseius echinus Oud, Eiuseius finlandicus Oud, Amblyseius sp. A. andersoni, A. cucumeris Oud, A. potantillae belonging to the family Phytoseiidae and Tydeus californicus, T. caudatus and Pronematus elongatus belonging to the family Tydeidae were more common species, whereas the predator species belonging to the families Stigmaeidae, Trombidiidae, Ascidae, Anystidae, Bdellidae, Cunaxidae were found to be less common. Additionally, a total of four species (three from the family Acaridae and one from the family Oribatidae) were determined as neutral species. In this study, population density of the species in two different hazelnut orchards (one pesticide applied, the other not applied) were determined. The population levels of both harmfull and benefical species decreased as a result of pesticide application. In the following year, however, the population levels of harmfull species significantly increased. The density of harmful species stayed in low levels while both the density and diversity of beneficial species were found higher in the orchards in which pesticide used was not Key Words: Hazelnut, Mite species, Pests, Population density.
In this study, mite species and their density in hazelnut orchards in Giresun, Ordu and Samsun provinces were determined in 2001-2002. A total of 27 hazelnut orchards were surveyed in these provinces and 39 mite species belonging to the 14 families from 3 suborders were determined. Seven species identified as eriophyid mites were all most important harmfull species in hazelnut. Of these species, Phytoptus avellanae Nal. And C. vermiformis Nal. were known as gal forming species while Aculus comatus Nal., Tegonotus depressus Nal., Anthocoptes loricatus Nal., Phyllocoptes coryli Nal., Phyllocoptes lamimani Keifer. as vagrant species. The other harmful species were identified as Eotetranychus coryli Reck, Tetranycopsis horridus Can.& Fan. and Tetranychus sp. (Acari: Tetranychidae). A total of 15 harmfull species in addition to the species from the families Tarsonomeidae and Tenuipalpidae were found in hazelnut orchards. Besides these harmfull species, many predator mite species were also found in hazelnut orchards. Kampimodromus aberrans Oudemans, Typhloctonus tiliarum Oud., paraseiulus soloiger, Phytoseius echinus Oud, Eiuseius finlandicus Oud, Amblyseius sp. A. andersoni, A. cucumeris Oud, A. potantillae belonging to the family Phytoseiidae and Tydeus californicus, T. caudatus and Pronematus elongatus belonging to the family Tydeidae were more common species, whereas the predator species belonging to the families Stigmaeidae, Trombidiidae, Ascidae, Anystidae, Bdellidae, Cunaxidae were found to be less common. Additionally, a total of four species (three from the family Acaridae and one from the family Oribatidae) were determined as neutral species. In this study, population density of the species in two different hazelnut orchards (one pesticide applied, the other not applied) were determined. The population levels of both harmfull and benefical species decreased as a result of pesticide application. In the following year, however, the population levels of harmfull species significantly increased. The density of harmful species stayed in low levels while both the density and diversity of beneficial species were found higher in the orchards in which pesticide used was not Key Words: Hazelnut, Mite species, Pests, Population density.
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Tez (yüksek lisans) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2003
Libra Kayıt No: 39354
Libra Kayıt No: 39354
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