Publication: Hurma Suyu ve Balın Kenevir Tohumu Esaslı Sürülebilir Ürün Kalite Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi
Abstract
Günümüz de, pratik, yüksek besin ve enerji değerine sahip sürülebilir gıdalara olan talebin artmasıyla birlikte, çeşitli ürünlerin sürülebilir form içeriğine katılarak besin değerinin zenginleştirilmesi kaçınılmaz hale gelmiştir. Endüstriyel kenevir tohumu, son yıllarda besin değeri ve yağ oranıyla dünya genelinde ve ülkemizde endüstriyel açıdan dikkat çekmiş ve geniş bir ürün yelpazesinde yerini almıştır. Bu bağlamda yapılan çalışmada, Cannabis sativa L. cinsi endüstriyel kenevir tohumu içerikli sürülebilir gıda ürünlerinde, bal ve bala vegan alternatif olabilecek hurma suyu ile tatlandırılması değerlendirilmiştir. Hurma suyu ve bal içeren ürünlerin protein değerleri sırasıyla %28.17-30.88 ve %26.77-30.62, yağ değerleri ise sırasıyla %41.70 ve %40.78 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kurumadde içerikleri, hurma suyu içerikli ürünlerde %90.3-90.4, bal içerikli ürünlerde ise %88.1-88.5 olarak benzer sonuçlar göstermiştir. Mikrobiyal analizler, hurma suyu içeren ürünlerde su aktivite değerinin ortalama 0.5198, bal içeren ürünlerde ise 0.4638 olduğunu göstermiş ve bu durum mikroorganizma gelişimine uygun olmayan bir ortamın oluştuğunu işaret etmiştir. Renk tayininde her iki ürünün renkleri birbirine yakın olmasının yanı sıra her iki üründe de raf ömrü süresince belirgin bir koyulaşma gözlemlenmiştir. Serbest yağ asitliği analizlerinde, depolama süresince ortalama olarak hurma suyu içeren ürünlerin %1.344 (oleik asit cinsinden), bal içeren ürünlerin %1.497 (oleik asit cinsinden) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Depolama sürecinde zamanla bal içeren ürünlerin serbest yağ asitliği değerleri daha stabil seyretmiştir. Depolama süresince peroksit sayısı miktarları ortalama olarak, hurma suyu ile üretilen ürünlerde 14.572 meqO2/kg, bal ile üretilen ürünlerde ise 13.847 meqO2/kg olacak şekilde az bir fark görülmüştür. Hurma suyu içeren ürünlerin antioksidan kapasitesi ve fenolik madde içeriği, bal içerenlere kıyasla daha yüksek bulunmuş ve istatistiksel açıdan daha az fark bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Hızlandırılmış yağ ayrılmasına bakıldığında, bal içerikli ürünlerin daha fazla yağ salma eğiliminde olduğu ve istatistiksel olarak fark bulunduğu (p<0.05) tespit edilmiştir. Tekstür analizlerinde, bal içeren ürünlerin, hurma suyu içeren ürünlere oranla daha sert bir yapıya sahip olduğu ve zamanla daha fazla sertleşme eğiliminde olduğu belirlenmiş; duyusal analizlerde ise, hurma suyu içeren ürünlerin genel kabul edilebilirlik puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu ve tekstür/ağız hissi açısından daha fazla kabul edilebilirlik gösterdikleri görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, hurma suyu içeren sürülebilir kenevir tohumu formunun daha yüksek fenolik madde ve antioksidan kapasiteye sahip olması, daha yumuşak bir yapıda olması, yağ salmadaki direnci ve vegan bir alternatif olması açısından tercih edilebilir olduğu ve literatüre bu alanda önemli bir katkı sağlayacağı sonucuna varılmaktadır.
With the increasing demand for practical, highly nutritious, and energy-rich spreadable foods, enriching the nutritional value of various products by incorporating them into spreadable form has become inevitable. Industrial hemp seeds have attracted attention globally and in our country in recent years due to their nutritional value and oil content, and have found their place in a wide range of products. In this context, in the study conducted, the evaluation of spreadable food products containing industrial hemp seed content, sweetened with date juice as a vegan alternative to honey, was examined. The protein values of products containing date juice and honey were determined to be between 28.17-30.88% and 26.77-30.62% respectively, while the fat values were determined to be 41.70% and 40.78% respectively. The moisture contents showed similar results, with values ranging from 90.3-90.4% in products containing date juice and 88.1-88.5% in products containing honey. Microbial analyses indicated that the average water activity value was 0.5198 in products containing date juice and 0.4638 in products containing honey, suggesting an environment unsuitable for microbial growth. In terms of color determination, both products exhibited similar colors, and a noticeable darkening was observed in both products during their shelf life. Free fatty acid analyses revealed that during storage, the average free fatty acid values were 1.344% (in terms of oleic acid) for products containing date juice and 1.497% (in terms of oleic acid) for products containing honey. The free fatty acid values of products containing honey remained more stable over time during storage. Peroxide values during storage showed a slight difference, with an average of 14.572 meqO2/kg for products produced with date juice and 13.847 meqO2/kg for products produced with honey. The antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of products containing date juice were found to be higher compared to those containing honey, with statistically less difference (p<0.05). Accelerated fat separation analysis revealed that products containing honey tended to release more fat, and a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found. Texture analysis indicated that products containing honey had a firmer structure compared to those containing date juice and tended to harden more over time, while sensory analyses showed that products containing date juice had higher overall acceptability scores and were more acceptable in terms of texture/mouthfeel. In conclusion, spreadable hemp seed form containing date juice is preferable due to its higher phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, softer texture, resistance to fat separation, and being a vegan alternative, and it is concluded that it will make a significant contribution to the literature in this field.
With the increasing demand for practical, highly nutritious, and energy-rich spreadable foods, enriching the nutritional value of various products by incorporating them into spreadable form has become inevitable. Industrial hemp seeds have attracted attention globally and in our country in recent years due to their nutritional value and oil content, and have found their place in a wide range of products. In this context, in the study conducted, the evaluation of spreadable food products containing industrial hemp seed content, sweetened with date juice as a vegan alternative to honey, was examined. The protein values of products containing date juice and honey were determined to be between 28.17-30.88% and 26.77-30.62% respectively, while the fat values were determined to be 41.70% and 40.78% respectively. The moisture contents showed similar results, with values ranging from 90.3-90.4% in products containing date juice and 88.1-88.5% in products containing honey. Microbial analyses indicated that the average water activity value was 0.5198 in products containing date juice and 0.4638 in products containing honey, suggesting an environment unsuitable for microbial growth. In terms of color determination, both products exhibited similar colors, and a noticeable darkening was observed in both products during their shelf life. Free fatty acid analyses revealed that during storage, the average free fatty acid values were 1.344% (in terms of oleic acid) for products containing date juice and 1.497% (in terms of oleic acid) for products containing honey. The free fatty acid values of products containing honey remained more stable over time during storage. Peroxide values during storage showed a slight difference, with an average of 14.572 meqO2/kg for products produced with date juice and 13.847 meqO2/kg for products produced with honey. The antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of products containing date juice were found to be higher compared to those containing honey, with statistically less difference (p<0.05). Accelerated fat separation analysis revealed that products containing honey tended to release more fat, and a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found. Texture analysis indicated that products containing honey had a firmer structure compared to those containing date juice and tended to harden more over time, while sensory analyses showed that products containing date juice had higher overall acceptability scores and were more acceptable in terms of texture/mouthfeel. In conclusion, spreadable hemp seed form containing date juice is preferable due to its higher phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, softer texture, resistance to fat separation, and being a vegan alternative, and it is concluded that it will make a significant contribution to the literature in this field.
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