A Research on Facade Arrangement in Historical Samsun Houses

Abstract

Samsun, located in the Central Black Sea Region, connects the Black Sea and Central Anatolia due to its geographical location. The city, which is located in an important area with this location, has been home to many civilizations throughout history. The city, where different religious and ethnic groups lived during the Ottoman Period, was built in the city which has gained importance with the development of trade in the nineteen century. Depending on this, many structures have been built. The vast majority of these structures are houses. The houses in the center of Samsun are concentrated in Selahiye, Kadikoy, Kale and Ulugazi neighborhoods within the borders of Ilkadim. While the facades of the houses reflect the cultural values of the region they are located in over time, they also show the social and economic status of the homeowners. Most of the houses that have survived to this day in Samsun were built after the great fire of 1869. Stone, wood and brick were used as the basic building materials in the construction of these houses, and traditional construction techniques such as baghdadi, masonry and roof are seen. Houses of the plan type with an internal sofa or an external sofa usually consist of two floors above the basement. There are also six cihannuma floors in the house. The houses that make up the vast majority of the settlements and determine the identity of the cities attract attention with their facades. The facades of the houses reflect the cultural accumulation of the region they are located in over time, while showing the social and economic status of the household owners. The landscape with the topography of the land where the house is located is an important element in the positioning of the houses and the selection of the main facade. The sea has been an important factor in the positioning of the main facade in Samsun houses. The front facades of the houses, which are gradually positioned on the gently sloping slopes to the south of the sea coast, are oriented to the north, northeast or east depending on their location. Importance has been given to the sea-facing facades of houses whose front facades do not face the sea, and there is a balcony or balcony application here. Since the houses that had a sea view at the time they were built remain among multi-Decker buildings today, the sea view has largely disappeared. Door, window, exit, balcony, console, carrier element and floor erasures in houses give move to facades. The shape, dimensions and Decadence of these facade elements form the character of the facade. In this study, it is aimed to examine and evaluate the facade features of the historical houses that make up Samsun city fabric. Mostly Between the second half of the ninteen century and the first half of the twentieth century these houses, which are understood to have been built at the beginning of the century, reflect the period style with the facade compositions that they have preserved to this day. The protection of the facade features in these houses, which reflect the culture and way of life, is also important in terms of ensuring and maintaining cultural continuity.