Assessment of Enzyme Activities Related to Heavy Metal Pollution Risks in Long-Term Hazelnut Cultivation Soils Under Humid Ecosystem Conditions

Abstract

The main objectives of the current study are as follows: i) to determine some physical, chemical, and biological properties and heavy metal concentrations of different soils distributed in hazelnut cultivation areas, ii) to reveal the heavy metal contamination risk in these areas with some indices, iii) to evaluate the quality of soils contaminated with heavy metals using the TEI and GM of enzymatic activities, and iv) to determine the relationship between heavy metals and enzyme activity indices. In terms of the EF and the CF, Zn causes moderate contamination, and Cd causes significant contamination in the soil samples taken from the study area. However, according to Igeo, it is seen that while Zn does not cause contamination, Cd causes moderate contamination. The soil samples were analyzed and found to have low degree of DC values. They were classified as being in the very good category in terms of the PLI, and had a moderate PERI. It was also determined that heavy metals did not adversely impact any enzyme activity and GM and TEI values. Among the studied properties, silt, P and Pb had the lowest Cos2 values and were determined to have the lowest effect on the basic components.