Publication: Otizmli Çocukların Motor Becerilerinin İncelenmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışma Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB) tanılı çocukların erken çocukluk dönemindeki, 'ilişkili semptomlar' olarak değerlendirilen, motor gelişim problemlerini ve düzeylerini, duyusal tabanlı ilişkilerini belirlemek, aynı zamanda belirli bir yaşta problemlerin bir kırılma noktası olup olmadığını ve erken çocukluk dönemindeki motor gelişim sürecini yaşa göre incelemek amacı ile çalışılmıştır. Materyal ve Yöntem: Araştırmaya 3-7 yaş arasında OSB tanılı (n=30) ve Normal Gelişim Gösteren (NGG), (n=30) toplamda 60 çocuk katılmıştır. Çocuklara ait veri toplamak amacı ile kişisel bilgi formu, Büyük Kas Becerilerini Ölçme Testi, Dunn Duyu Profili, Otizm Davranış Kontrol Listesi Formu, Denver II Gelişimsel Tarama Testi uygulanmıştır. İstatistiki değerlendirmeler IBM SPSS 21 paket programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: OSB tanılı çocuklarda lateralizasyon NGG gruptan önemli ölçüde farklıdır. BüKBÖT testi sonucunda OSB tanılı çocukların bütün yaş gruplarında hem lokomotor hem de nesne kontrol performanslarının önemli ölçüde farklı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu fark 6 yaş grubu çocuklarda en üst seviyededir. Manipülatif becerilerin lokomotor becerilerden daha geride olduğu belirlenmiştir. Büyük kas becerilerinde cinsiyete göre anlamlı bir farklılık belirlenememiştir. NGG akranlarıyla yapılan karşılaştırmalarında OSB tanılı çocukların duyusal sistem problemlerinde önemli düzeyde farklılıklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak çocuklar büyüdükçe OSB tanılı olanların gelişimsel problemlerinin de arttığını ve 6 yaşlarındayken (bir kırılma/dönüm noktası olabilir) özellikle motor gelişimleri başta olmak üzere gelişimsel farklılıkları çok önemli derecede arttığını ortaya koymaktadır. Akranları ile karşılaştırıldığında OSB tanılı çocukların önemli düzeyde geride olmaları motor yetenekler ve fiziksel gelişimle ilgili olmadığı daha çok motor öğrenme ve motor organizasyon güçlüğü temelli olduğu söylenebilir. Bu çalışmada motor gelişim problemlerinin OSB'de çok önemli yere sahip olduğu bir kez daha pekiştirilmiştir. Bu yönüyle incelendiğinde motor sorunların OSB tanı kriterleri arasında daha fazla yer bulması ve terapi süreçlerinde öncelikli çalışma alanı olması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
Objective: This study aims to determine the motor development problems and levels, sensory-based relationships in the early childhood of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which are considered as 'associated symptoms', and also to determine whether problems at a certain age are a breaking point and to examine the motor development process in early childhood by age. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 children aged 3-7 years with ASD diagnosis (n: 30) and Normally Developing (NGG) (n: 30) participated in the study. Personal information form, Test of Gross Motor Development II Test (TGMD II), Dunn Sensory Profile, Autism Behavior Checklist Form, and Denver II Developmental Screening Test were used to collect data on children. Statistical evaluations were carried out using IBM SPSS 21 package program. Results: Lateralization in children with ASD is significantly different from NGG group. As a result of the TGMD II test, it was determined that both locomotor and manipulative skills performances of children diagnosed with ASD were significantly different in all age groups. This difference is greatest at age 6. It has been determined that manipulative skills are behind locomotor skills. No significant difference was found in gross motor skills by gender. In the comparisons made with NGG peers, it was determined that there are significant differences in sensory system problems of children with ASD. Conclusion: As a result, it is revealed that the developmental problems of those diagnosed with ASD increase as the children grow up, and at the age of 6 (may be a breakthrough / turning point), developmental differences, especially motor development, increase significantly. Compared to their peers, it can be said that children with ASD are significantly behind their motor abilities and are not related to physical development and are based on motor learning and motor organization difficulties. In this study, it has been once again reinforced that motor development problems have a very important place in ASD. When examined from this aspect, it is thought that motor problems should find more place among ASD diagnosis criteria and should be a priority study area in therapy processes.
Objective: This study aims to determine the motor development problems and levels, sensory-based relationships in the early childhood of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which are considered as 'associated symptoms', and also to determine whether problems at a certain age are a breaking point and to examine the motor development process in early childhood by age. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 children aged 3-7 years with ASD diagnosis (n: 30) and Normally Developing (NGG) (n: 30) participated in the study. Personal information form, Test of Gross Motor Development II Test (TGMD II), Dunn Sensory Profile, Autism Behavior Checklist Form, and Denver II Developmental Screening Test were used to collect data on children. Statistical evaluations were carried out using IBM SPSS 21 package program. Results: Lateralization in children with ASD is significantly different from NGG group. As a result of the TGMD II test, it was determined that both locomotor and manipulative skills performances of children diagnosed with ASD were significantly different in all age groups. This difference is greatest at age 6. It has been determined that manipulative skills are behind locomotor skills. No significant difference was found in gross motor skills by gender. In the comparisons made with NGG peers, it was determined that there are significant differences in sensory system problems of children with ASD. Conclusion: As a result, it is revealed that the developmental problems of those diagnosed with ASD increase as the children grow up, and at the age of 6 (may be a breakthrough / turning point), developmental differences, especially motor development, increase significantly. Compared to their peers, it can be said that children with ASD are significantly behind their motor abilities and are not related to physical development and are based on motor learning and motor organization difficulties. In this study, it has been once again reinforced that motor development problems have a very important place in ASD. When examined from this aspect, it is thought that motor problems should find more place among ASD diagnosis criteria and should be a priority study area in therapy processes.
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