Publication: Capsicum Chinense Türüne Ait Biber Genotiplerinin Morfolojik ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu
Abstract
Bitki genetik kaynaklarının tanımlanması ve genetik çeşitlilik düzeylerinin belirlenmesinde morfolojik tanımlayıcılar ve moleküler analiz yöntemlerinden yararlanılmaktadır. Capsicum chinense biber türü; meyve boyu, meyve eni, meyve şekli, meyve rengi ve acılık özellikleri yönünden yüksek düzeyde varyasyon göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, Dünya'nın farklı lokasyonlarından toplanmış olan Capsicum chinense türüne ait biber genetik kaynaklarının UPOV (Uluslararası Yeni Bitki Çeşitlerini Koruma Birliği) kriterlerine göre bitkisel özelliklerinin tanımlanması ve SSR yöntemine göre moleküler karakterizasyonu ile tür içerisindeki mevcut popülasyondaki varyasyon ve genetik çeşitlilik düzeylerinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada ilk aşamada, Capsicum chinense türüne ait 75 adet biber genotipinden oluşan bir gen havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, C. chinense gen kaynaklarının, morfolojik tanımlama kriterleri yönünden yüksek düzeyde fenotipik çeşitlilik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere, Küme ve Temel Bileşen Analizi uygulanmıştır. Capsicum chinense türüne ait biber genotiplerinde küme analizi sonucunda akrabalık ilişkilerini gösteren bir dendrogram elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca Temel Bileşen Analizi sonucunda ilk altı temel bileşen ekseninin toplam varyasyonun %70.99'unu gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuç, Capsicum chinense türüne ait biber genotipleri arasında yüksek oranda varyasyon olduğunu göstermiştir. Capsicum chinense türüne ait biber genotiplerinde yapılan moleküler analiz sonucunda,14 SSR primerinden toplam 115 bant elde edilmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda, bantların 66 tanesinin polimorfik (%57.4) ve 49 tanesinin ise monomorfik (%42.6) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Capsicum chinense türüne ait biber genotiplerinde, SSR markörleri ile yapılan analizler sonucunda, Unweighted Neighbor-Joining metoduna göre biber genotipleri 3 farklı genetik gruba ayrılmıştır. C. chinense türüne ait biber genotiplerinin genetik uzaklık değerlerinin, 0.15-0.75 arasında değiştiği bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma sonucunda morfolojik ve moleküler karakterizasyonu yapılmış olan C. chinense türüne aitbiber genotiplerinde halen kendileme ve seleksiyon ıslahı çalışmalarına devam edilmektedir.
Morphological descriptors and molecular analysis methods are used to identify plant genetic resources and determine genetic diversity levels. Capsicum chinense has a high variation in terms of fruit size, fruit diameter, fruit shape, fruit color and bitterness. In this study, it was aimed to identify the plantl characteristics of Capsicum chinense genotypes according to UPOV (The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) criteria collected from different locations of the World and to determine the variation and genetic diversity levels in the existing population within the species by SSR method. In the first stage of the study, a gene pool consisting of 75 genotypes of Capsicum chinense species was generated. As a result of the research, C. chinense gene sources showed a high level of phenotypic diversity in terms of morphological identification. The Cluster and Principal Component Analysis was applied to the obtained data. As a result of cluster analysis in Capsicum chinense genotypes, a dendrogram showing genetic relatives relations was research. In addition, as a result of Principal Component Analysis, it was determined that the first six main component axes showed 70.99% of the total variation. This result showed a high variation between Capsicum chinense genotypes. As a result of molecular analysis of genotypes of Capsicum chinense species, a total of 115 bands were obtained from 14 SSR markers. As a result of the evaluation, 66 of the bands was polymorphic (57.4%) and 49 were monomorphic (42.6%). As a result of analyzes made with SSR markers in Capsicum chinense genotypes, it was divided into 3 main groups according to the Unweighted Neighbor-Joining method. Genetic distance values of C. chinense genotypes were found to vary between 0.15-0.75. It is planned to continue breeding studies in C. chinense genotypes, which have morphological and molecular characterization with this study.
Morphological descriptors and molecular analysis methods are used to identify plant genetic resources and determine genetic diversity levels. Capsicum chinense has a high variation in terms of fruit size, fruit diameter, fruit shape, fruit color and bitterness. In this study, it was aimed to identify the plantl characteristics of Capsicum chinense genotypes according to UPOV (The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) criteria collected from different locations of the World and to determine the variation and genetic diversity levels in the existing population within the species by SSR method. In the first stage of the study, a gene pool consisting of 75 genotypes of Capsicum chinense species was generated. As a result of the research, C. chinense gene sources showed a high level of phenotypic diversity in terms of morphological identification. The Cluster and Principal Component Analysis was applied to the obtained data. As a result of cluster analysis in Capsicum chinense genotypes, a dendrogram showing genetic relatives relations was research. In addition, as a result of Principal Component Analysis, it was determined that the first six main component axes showed 70.99% of the total variation. This result showed a high variation between Capsicum chinense genotypes. As a result of molecular analysis of genotypes of Capsicum chinense species, a total of 115 bands were obtained from 14 SSR markers. As a result of the evaluation, 66 of the bands was polymorphic (57.4%) and 49 were monomorphic (42.6%). As a result of analyzes made with SSR markers in Capsicum chinense genotypes, it was divided into 3 main groups according to the Unweighted Neighbor-Joining method. Genetic distance values of C. chinense genotypes were found to vary between 0.15-0.75. It is planned to continue breeding studies in C. chinense genotypes, which have morphological and molecular characterization with this study.
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