Publication: Belediye Gelirlerinde Vergi Resim Harç ve Katılma Payı Uygulamaları İle Karşılaşılan Sorunlar
Abstract
Mahalli idareler, mahalli müşterek ihtiyaçların karşılanması konusunda alınacak olan kararların, yine bu kararlardan etkilenecek olan insanlar tarafından alınmasını sağlamaktadırlar. Buna göre mahalli idareleri demokrasi fikri doğurmuştur. Belediye sınırları içerisinde mahalli ve müşterek ihtiyaçları karşılayacak olan mahalli idare ise belediyelerdir. Belediyelere oldukça önemli kamusal görevler verilmiş olup bu görevler zaman içerisinde artmış ve çeşitlenmiştir. Belediyeler bu görevleri yerine getirmek için mali kaynaklara ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Belediyelerin demokrasi ilkelerine uygun olarak görev yapabilmeleri mali özerkliğe sahip olmaları ile mümkündür. Bazı gelir kalemleri belediyelerin merkezi idareye bağımlılığını artırırken bazı gelirleri ise özerkliklerini artırmaktadır. Belediyelerin vergi, resim, harç ve katılma payı gelirleri, mali özerkliği artıran en önemli gelir kalemlerindendir. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle belediyelerin idari teşkilat içerisindeki yeri, unsurları ve yapıları incelenmiştir. Daha sonra ise belediyelerin vergi, resim, harç ve harcamalara katılma paylarına ilişkin uygulamaları üzerinde durulmuştur. Son olarak bunların, hukuk devleti, demokrasi, mali özerklik gibi temel ilkeler perspektifinden karşılaşılan sorunlar tartışılmıştır.
Local administrations ensure that decisions to be taken to meet local joint needs are made by people who will also be affected by these decisions. Accordingly, the idea of democracy gave birth to local administrations. The local administration that will meet the local and joint needs within the boundaries of the municipality is the municipalities. Municipalities have been given very important public duties and these tasks have increased and diversified over time. Municipalities need financial resources to carry out these tasks. Municipalities must have financial autonomy in order to function in accordance with the principles of democracy. Some income items increase the dependence of municipalities on central administration, while others increase their autonomy. The income of municipalities in taxes, duties, charges and share of participations in expenditures is most important income items that increase financial autonomy. In this study, the place, elements and structures of municipalities within the administrative organization were examined. Then, the practices of municipalities regarding their taxes, duties, charges and share of participations in expenditures were emphasized. Finally, the problems encountered from the perspective of basic principles such as rule of law, democracy, financial autonomy were discussed.
Local administrations ensure that decisions to be taken to meet local joint needs are made by people who will also be affected by these decisions. Accordingly, the idea of democracy gave birth to local administrations. The local administration that will meet the local and joint needs within the boundaries of the municipality is the municipalities. Municipalities have been given very important public duties and these tasks have increased and diversified over time. Municipalities need financial resources to carry out these tasks. Municipalities must have financial autonomy in order to function in accordance with the principles of democracy. Some income items increase the dependence of municipalities on central administration, while others increase their autonomy. The income of municipalities in taxes, duties, charges and share of participations in expenditures is most important income items that increase financial autonomy. In this study, the place, elements and structures of municipalities within the administrative organization were examined. Then, the practices of municipalities regarding their taxes, duties, charges and share of participations in expenditures were emphasized. Finally, the problems encountered from the perspective of basic principles such as rule of law, democracy, financial autonomy were discussed.
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