Efficiency of Conventional Wastewater Treatment Technologies for Removal of PPCPS

Abstract

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are recognized as emerging pollutants due to their persistent state in the aquatic environment and potential hazards to health. These pollutants cause adverse effects in the aquatic system due to their toxic and persistent nature and bioaccumulation properties. Since most PPCPs are resistant to biological treatment, they cannot be removed entirely in conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). These pollutants discharged into the receiving environment and mixed with surface water, groundwater, and even drinking water. The fate of PPCPs in WWTPs has received great attention recently and raises great concerns about these pollutants’ generation, transformation, and environmental risks. Therefore, in this study, it was focused to investigate the fate and removal efficiencies of PPCPs in WWTPs. In addition, previous studies aimed to determine the most efficient removal methods for removing PPCPs from WWTPs. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.