Publication: Proprioseptif Nöromusküler Fasilitasyon Temelli Isınmanın İzokinetik Kuvvet, Dayanıklılık ve Denge Üzerine Akut Etkisi
Abstract
Bu tez çalışmasında proprioseptif nöromusküler fasilitasyon temelli ısınmanın izokinetik kuvvet, dayanıklılık ve vücut dengesi üzerine akut etkisi incelenmiştir. Farklı ısınma protokolleri kullanılarak futbolculara uygulandı. Çalışmaya 50 futbolcu dâhil edildi. Katılımcılar, tam dinlenme sağlanacak şekildi 4 kez ölçüme çağrıldı. PNF temelli ısınma için izotonik kontraksiyon ve tut-gevşe tekniği ile alt ekstremite paternleri uygulandı. Aktif ısınma için 5 dakika jogging ve 10 farklı alt ekstremite (her hareket 1 dakika) hareketi yapıldı. Pasif ısınma için 15 dakikalık klasik masaj uygulandı. Genel ısınma için 5 dakikalık jogging yapıldı. İzokinetik denge cihazı ile statik ve dinamik denge ölçümleri yapıldı. İzokinetik dinamometre ile kalça, diz ve ayak bileği fleksiyon ve ekstansiyon izokinetik kuvveti 60osn-1, 180osn-1 ve 240osn-1 açısal hızlarda test uygulandı. 240osn-1 açısal hızdaki tekrar sayısı 25 olacak şekilde belirlendi ve elde edilen peak tork değerlerindeki değişim oranı izokinetik dayanıklılık düzeyi belirlendi. Futbolcular ilk ölçüm gününde genel ısınma, denge tesleri sonrada izokinetik kuvvet ölçümlerine alındı. Bu ölçümleri takiben 2. ölçüm, 3. ölçüm ve 4. ölçümler yapıldı. Elde edilen veriler statik denge ve dinamik denge parametre değerlerinde PNF temelli ısınma yönteminin diğer ısınma yöntemlerine göre daha iyi ve anlamlı farklılığa sahip olduğu bulundu (p<,001). İzokinetik kuvvet verilerinde ise peak tork değerleri bütün açısal hızlarda (60osn-1, 180osn-1,240osn-1) PNF temelli ısınmanın diğer ısınmalara göre daha etkili olduğu ve anlamlılık görüldü. Diz eklemi izokinetik kuvvete etkisi ise PNF temelli ısınmada anlamlılık varken ek olarak dayanıklılık düzeylerinde de daha iyi akut etkiye sahip olduğu görüldü (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak PNF temelli ısınma futbolcuların statik ve dinamik dengesini, izokinetik kuvvetini ve izokinetik dayanıklılık düzeyini akut etki olarak daha iyi hale getirdiği ve istatistiksel anlamlılık taşıdığı görüldü. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda alt ekstremiteyi kapsayan futbolda özellikle PNF temelli ısınma yönteminin kullanılabilir olması ve antrenmanlara dâhil edilmesi önerilebilir. Akut performansa etkinin PNF temelli ısınma dışında aktif ısınma yöntemi için de geçerli olduğu için özellikle birlikte kullanımına önem verilmesi söylenebilir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Dayanıklılık, Denge, Isınma, İzokinetik kuvvet, Proprioseptif nöromusküler fasilitasyon
In this thesis, the acute effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitationbased warm-up on isokinetic strength, endurance and body balance were investigated. It was applied to soccer players using different warm-up protocols. The study included 50 soccer players. Participants were called for measurement 4 times with complete rest. For PNF-based warm-up, lower extremity patterns were applied with isotonic contraction and hold-relax technique. For active warm-up, 5 minutes of jogging and 10 different lower extremity movements (1 minute each movement) were performed. For passive warm-up, 15 minutes of classical massage was applied. For general warmup, 5 minutes of jogging was performed. Static and dynamic balance measurements were made with isokinetic balance device. Hip, knee and ankle flexion and extension isokinetic strength tests were performed with isokinetic dynamometer at angular velocities of 60o /sn, 180o /sn and 240o /sn. The number of repetitions at 240 o/sn angular velocity was determined as 25 and the isokinetic endurance level was determined by the rate of change in the peak torque values obtained. On the first measurement day, soccer players were subjected to general warm-up, balance tests and then isokinetic strength measurements. Following these measurements, the second, third and fourth measurements were performed. The data obtained showed that the PNF-based warmup method was better and had a significant difference in static balance and dynamic balance parameter values compared to other warm-up methods (p<,001). In isokinetic strength data, peak torque values at all angular velocities (60o /sn, 180o /sn, 240o /sn) showed that PNF-based warm-up was more effective and significant than other warmups. The effect of PNF-based warm-up on knee joint isokinetic strength was found to have a better acute effect on endurance levels (p<0.05). As a result, PNF-based warmup improved the static and dynamic balance, isokinetic strength and isokinetic endurance levels of soccer players as an acute effect and had statistical significance. In line with these results, it can be recommended that PNF-based warm-up method should be used and included in training especially in soccer involving the lower extremities. Since the effect on acute performance is also valid for active warm-up method besides PNF-based warm-up, it can be said that it should be especially emphasized to use them together. Keywords: Balance, Endurance, İsokinetic strength, Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation,Warm-up
In this thesis, the acute effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitationbased warm-up on isokinetic strength, endurance and body balance were investigated. It was applied to soccer players using different warm-up protocols. The study included 50 soccer players. Participants were called for measurement 4 times with complete rest. For PNF-based warm-up, lower extremity patterns were applied with isotonic contraction and hold-relax technique. For active warm-up, 5 minutes of jogging and 10 different lower extremity movements (1 minute each movement) were performed. For passive warm-up, 15 minutes of classical massage was applied. For general warmup, 5 minutes of jogging was performed. Static and dynamic balance measurements were made with isokinetic balance device. Hip, knee and ankle flexion and extension isokinetic strength tests were performed with isokinetic dynamometer at angular velocities of 60o /sn, 180o /sn and 240o /sn. The number of repetitions at 240 o/sn angular velocity was determined as 25 and the isokinetic endurance level was determined by the rate of change in the peak torque values obtained. On the first measurement day, soccer players were subjected to general warm-up, balance tests and then isokinetic strength measurements. Following these measurements, the second, third and fourth measurements were performed. The data obtained showed that the PNF-based warmup method was better and had a significant difference in static balance and dynamic balance parameter values compared to other warm-up methods (p<,001). In isokinetic strength data, peak torque values at all angular velocities (60o /sn, 180o /sn, 240o /sn) showed that PNF-based warm-up was more effective and significant than other warmups. The effect of PNF-based warm-up on knee joint isokinetic strength was found to have a better acute effect on endurance levels (p<0.05). As a result, PNF-based warmup improved the static and dynamic balance, isokinetic strength and isokinetic endurance levels of soccer players as an acute effect and had statistical significance. In line with these results, it can be recommended that PNF-based warm-up method should be used and included in training especially in soccer involving the lower extremities. Since the effect on acute performance is also valid for active warm-up method besides PNF-based warm-up, it can be said that it should be especially emphasized to use them together. Keywords: Balance, Endurance, İsokinetic strength, Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation,Warm-up
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