Publication: Toprak Funguslarının Ağır Metal Biyosorpsiyon Potansiyelleri
Abstract
Biyosorpsiyon, atık sudan ağır metallerin uzaklaştırılması için mikroorganizmaların kullanıldığı umut verici, düşük maliyetli bir metodolojidir. Çalışmanın amacı abiyotik koşullarda ağır metallerin toprak fungusları tarafından alımının, birikiminin, organizma sayılarında meydana getirdiği değişimlerin, adsorpsiyon ve absorpsiyon kapasitelerinin ve izotermlerinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmada fungusların kullanılma nedeni, diğer biyosorpsiyon ajanlarına kıyasla fungus biyokütleleri, fizyolojik aktivitenin yokluğunda bile önemli miktarlarda ağır metal biriktirebildiği, üstün metal bağlama özelliklerine sahip hücre duvarına sahip olmalarıdır. Çalışmamamızda besin zincirinde önemli olan toprak funguslarından Fusarium lateritium ve Fusarium verticillioides kontrol organizmaları ve ağır metal olarak ise Cu kullanılmıştır. 72 sa üremesi gözlenen organizmalarının bulunduğu ortama 5-10-20-25 mg/L Cu ilave edilerek 96 sa sorpsiyonu sonunda sıvı ortam (Fraksiyon A), durulama suyu (Fraksiyon B), kurutulmuş fungus (Fraksiyon C) elde edilmiştir. Sıvı ortamda ve funguslar tarafından biyosorlanan metal konsantrasyonları AAS (Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektrometresi) ile belirlenmiştir. Fusarium lateritium ve Fusarium verticillioides fungusları için pH değerlerinin zamana bağlı olarak yükseldiği görülmüştür. Fusarium lateritium fungusu için 5-10-20-25 mg/L bakır konsantrasyonlarında sırasıyla %66,80-68,00-72,02-52,79 adsorpsiyon verimine, Fusarium verticillioides fungusu için ise sırasıyla %56,22-47,68-57,87-52,07 adsorpsiyon verimine ulaşılmıştır. Fusarium lateritium fungusunda biyobirikim (BA) değerleri 5-10-20-25 mg/L Cu konsantrasyonları için sırasıyla 11,417-24,646-60,597-51,496 µg/g; Fusarium verticillioides fungusunda ise aynı konsantrasyonlarda sırasıyla 15,690-19,937-48,963-51,854 µg/g elde edilmiştir. Her iki fungus içinde metal konsantrasyonu arttıkça Biyobirikim (BA) değerlerinde düzenli bir artış olmuştur. Biyokonsantrasyon (BCF) değerleri ise Fusarium lateritium fungusunda BA değerleri ile paralellik gösterirken, Fusarium verticillioides fungusunda farklılıklar gösterdiği gözlenmiştir. Fungusların ikisi içinde Freundlich İzoterm Modeli'nin uygun olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışma PYO.MÜH.1904.18.023 Nolu Yüksek Lisans Tez Projesi tarafından desteklenmiştir.
Biosorption is a promising, low-cost methodology that uses microorganisms to remove heavy metals from wastewater. The aim of the study was to investigate the absorption, accumulation, changes in the number of organisms, adsorption and absorption capacities and isotherms of heavy metals by soil fungi under abiotic conditions. The reason for the use of fungi in the study was that when compared to other biosorption agents, fungus biomass had a cell wall with superior metal binding properties, where they could accumulate significant amounts of heavy metal even in the absence of physiological activity. In our study, Fusarium lateritium and Fusarium verticillioides as control organism, which are important in the food chain, and Cu as heavy metals were used. By adding 5-10-20-25 mg/L Cu to the environment where the organisms observed to grow for 72 h were found, liquid medium (Fraction A), rinsing water (Fraction B), dried fungus (Fraction C) were obtained after 96 h of sorption. The metal concentrations biosorbed in the liquid medium and by fungi were determined by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry). It has been observed that pH values for Fusarium lateritium and Fusarium verticillioides fungi increase depending on time. Fusarium lateritium fungus has been attained an adsorption efficiency of %66,80-68,00-72,02-52,79, respectively, for copper concentrations of 5-10-20-25 mg / L, and %56,22-47,68-57,87-52,07 of adsorption efficiency at the same concentrations for Fusarium verticillioides fungus, respectively. Bioaccumulation (BA) values in Fusarium lateritium fungi has been found 11,417-24,646-60,597-51,496 µg/g for 5-10-20-25 mg/L Cu concentrations, respectively; and also 15,690-19,937-48,963-51,854 µg/g in Fusarium verticillioides fungiat the same concentrations, respectively. As the metal concentration increased for both fungi, there was a regular increase in Bioaccumulation (BA) values. It has been reached that bioconcentration (BCF) values are in parallel with BA values in Fusarium lateritium fungi, while in fungi Fusarium verticillioides, differences are observed. It has been observed that the Freundlich Isotherm Model is suitable for both of the fungi. This study was supported by PYO.MÜH.1904.18.023 No. Master's Thesis Project.
Biosorption is a promising, low-cost methodology that uses microorganisms to remove heavy metals from wastewater. The aim of the study was to investigate the absorption, accumulation, changes in the number of organisms, adsorption and absorption capacities and isotherms of heavy metals by soil fungi under abiotic conditions. The reason for the use of fungi in the study was that when compared to other biosorption agents, fungus biomass had a cell wall with superior metal binding properties, where they could accumulate significant amounts of heavy metal even in the absence of physiological activity. In our study, Fusarium lateritium and Fusarium verticillioides as control organism, which are important in the food chain, and Cu as heavy metals were used. By adding 5-10-20-25 mg/L Cu to the environment where the organisms observed to grow for 72 h were found, liquid medium (Fraction A), rinsing water (Fraction B), dried fungus (Fraction C) were obtained after 96 h of sorption. The metal concentrations biosorbed in the liquid medium and by fungi were determined by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry). It has been observed that pH values for Fusarium lateritium and Fusarium verticillioides fungi increase depending on time. Fusarium lateritium fungus has been attained an adsorption efficiency of %66,80-68,00-72,02-52,79, respectively, for copper concentrations of 5-10-20-25 mg / L, and %56,22-47,68-57,87-52,07 of adsorption efficiency at the same concentrations for Fusarium verticillioides fungus, respectively. Bioaccumulation (BA) values in Fusarium lateritium fungi has been found 11,417-24,646-60,597-51,496 µg/g for 5-10-20-25 mg/L Cu concentrations, respectively; and also 15,690-19,937-48,963-51,854 µg/g in Fusarium verticillioides fungiat the same concentrations, respectively. As the metal concentration increased for both fungi, there was a regular increase in Bioaccumulation (BA) values. It has been reached that bioconcentration (BCF) values are in parallel with BA values in Fusarium lateritium fungi, while in fungi Fusarium verticillioides, differences are observed. It has been observed that the Freundlich Isotherm Model is suitable for both of the fungi. This study was supported by PYO.MÜH.1904.18.023 No. Master's Thesis Project.
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