Publication: Çarşamba Delta Ovasında Farklı Arazi Kullanımlarının Toprak Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri
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Toprak kalite değerlendirmesi, sürdürülebilir arazi yönetimlerine karar vermek ve tarımsal verimliliği korumak için hayati öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, Çarşamba Delta Ovası'nda temel bileşenler analizi (TBA) ve minimum veri seti (MVS) temel alınarak toprak kalite değerlendirmesinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Çarşamba Delta Ovası'nda yaygın kullanımları olan 7 farklı arazi kullanımından [orman (kontrol), çayır-mera, fındık, şeftali, kivi, kavaklık ve tarla bitkileri] ve 2 toprak derinliğinden (0-20 cm ve 20-40 cm) 3 tekerrürlü bozulmuş ve bozulmamış toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Alınan toprak örneklerinde 21 adet fiziksel ve kimyasal toprak özelliğinin analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada ilk olarak toprak özellikleri üzerine farklı arazi kullanımlarının ve toprak derinliklerinin etkileri varyans analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre, farklı arazi kullanımlarının etkisiyle anlamlı olarak (p<0.05) değişen 17 adet toprak özelliği, toplam veri seti (TVS) için potansiyel toprak kalite göstergesi olarak seçilmiştir. Toplam veri setinde, minimum veri setinin belirlenmesi amacıyla temel bileşenleri analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Temel bileşenler analizi sonunda, minimum veri setine nihai toprak kalite göstergesi olarak kil içeriği, silt içeriği, doymuş hidrolik iletkenlik (KSat) ve bitkiye yarayışlı su içeriği (BYSİ) seçilmiştir. Çalışma alanı için gerçekleştirilen toprak kalite değerlendirmesinde en önemli nihai toprak kalite göstergesi, aldığı 0.27 ağırlık değeri ile kil içeriği olmuştur. İncelenen arazi kullanımları arasında en yüksek toprak kalite indeksi değerleri (0.61), şeftali arazi kullanımı altındaki topraklarda belirlenmiştir. En düşük toprak kalite indeksi değerleri (0.38) ise fındık arazi kullanımı altındaki topraklarda ölçülmüştür. Bunların yanı sıra, orman (kontrol), çayır-mera ve kavaklık arazi kullanımlarının çalışma alanında toprak kalitesi üzerine benzer önemli istatistiksel etkilerinin (p<0.05) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda, alüvyal ova içerisinde fındık yetiştiriciliği yapılan taban arazilerde sürdürülebilir toprak yönetimleri benimsenmediği takdirde uzun süreli toprak verimliliği açısından potansiyel bazı risklerin ortaya çıkabileceği değerlendirilmiştir.
Soil quality assessment is vital for making decisions on sustainable land management and maintaining agricultural productivity. This study aimed to assess soil quality in the Çarşamba Delta Plain based on a minimum data set (MDS) and principal component analysis (PCA). For this purpose, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected with three replications from seven different land uses [forest (control), pasture, hazelnut, peach, kiwifruit, poplar, and field crops], which are commonly used in the Çarşamba Delta Plain, and two soil depths (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm). A total of 21 physical and chemical soil properties were analyzed in the collected soil samples. In the study, firstly, the effects of different land uses and soil depths on soil properties were evaluated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). According to the results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA), 17 soil properties that changed significantly (p<0.05) due to the effect of different land uses were selected as potential soil quality indicators for the total data set (TDS). Principal component analysis was then performed on the total data set to determine the minimum data set. The principal component analysis selected clay content, silt content, saturated hydraulic conductivity (KSat), and plant available water content (PAWC) as the final soil quality indicators for the minimum data set. In the soil quality assessment for the study area, the most important final soil quality indicator was the clay content, with a weight value of 0.27. Among the land uses studied, the highest soil quality index values (0.61) were observed under the peach land use, while the lowest soil quality index values (0.38) were measured under the hazelnut land use. Additionally, it was found that control (forest), pasture, and poplar land uses had similar significant statistical effects (p < 0.05) on soil quality. In conclusion, the study suggests that unless sustainable soil management practices are adopted in lowland areas used for the hazelnut land use within the alluvial plain, there may be potential long-term risks to soil fertility.
Soil quality assessment is vital for making decisions on sustainable land management and maintaining agricultural productivity. This study aimed to assess soil quality in the Çarşamba Delta Plain based on a minimum data set (MDS) and principal component analysis (PCA). For this purpose, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected with three replications from seven different land uses [forest (control), pasture, hazelnut, peach, kiwifruit, poplar, and field crops], which are commonly used in the Çarşamba Delta Plain, and two soil depths (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm). A total of 21 physical and chemical soil properties were analyzed in the collected soil samples. In the study, firstly, the effects of different land uses and soil depths on soil properties were evaluated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). According to the results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA), 17 soil properties that changed significantly (p<0.05) due to the effect of different land uses were selected as potential soil quality indicators for the total data set (TDS). Principal component analysis was then performed on the total data set to determine the minimum data set. The principal component analysis selected clay content, silt content, saturated hydraulic conductivity (KSat), and plant available water content (PAWC) as the final soil quality indicators for the minimum data set. In the soil quality assessment for the study area, the most important final soil quality indicator was the clay content, with a weight value of 0.27. Among the land uses studied, the highest soil quality index values (0.61) were observed under the peach land use, while the lowest soil quality index values (0.38) were measured under the hazelnut land use. Additionally, it was found that control (forest), pasture, and poplar land uses had similar significant statistical effects (p < 0.05) on soil quality. In conclusion, the study suggests that unless sustainable soil management practices are adopted in lowland areas used for the hazelnut land use within the alluvial plain, there may be potential long-term risks to soil fertility.
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