A Novel Series of Mixed-Ligand M(II) Complexes Containing 2,2′-Bipyridyl as Potent α-Glucosidase Inhibitor: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, DFT Calculations, and Molecular Docking

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common degenerative disease and characterized by high blood glucose levels. Since the effective antidiabetic treatments attempt to decrease blood glucose levels, keeping glucose under control is very important. Recent studies have demonstrated that α-glucosidase inhibitor improves postprandial hyperglycemia and then reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in patients. Therefore, the design and synthesis of high affinity glucosidase inhibitors are of great importance. In this regard, novel series of mixed-ligand M(II) complexes containing 2,2′-bipyridyl {[Hg(6-mpa)<inf>2</inf>(bpy)(OAc)]·2H<inf>2</inf>O, (1), [Co(6-mpa)<inf>2</inf>(bpy)<inf>2</inf>], (2), [Cu(6-mpa)(bpy)(NO<inf>3</inf>)]·3H<inf>2</inf>O, (3), [Mn(6-mpa)(bpy)(H<inf>2</inf>O)<inf>2</inf>], (4), [Ni(6-mpa)(bpy)(H<inf>2</inf>O)<inf>2</inf>]·H<inf>2</inf>O, (5), [Fe(6-mpa)(bpy)(H<inf>2</inf>O)<inf>2</inf>]·2H<inf>2</inf>O, (6), [Fe(3-mpa)(bpy)(H<inf>2</inf>O)<inf>2</inf>]·H<inf>2</inf>O, (7)} were synthesized as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors. Their effects on α-glucosidase activity were evaluated. All synthesized complexes displayed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC<inf>50</inf> values ranging from 0.184 ± 0.015 to > 600 μM. The experimental spectral analyses were carried out using FT–IR and UV–Vis spectroscopic techniques for these complexes characterized by XRD and LC–MS/MS. Moreover, the calculations at density functional theory approximation were used to obtain optimal molecular geometries, vibrational wavenumbers, electronic spectral behaviors, and major contributions to the electronic transitions for the complexes 1–7. Finally, to display interactions between the synthesized complexes and target protein (the template structure Saccharomyces cerevisiae isomaltase), the molecular docking study was carried out. © 2019, Society for Biological Inorganic Chemistry (SBIC).