Publication: Kliniğimizde Kutanöz Malign Melanom Nedeniyle Tedavi Edilen Hastaların Retrospektif Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Malign melanom; deri kanserlerinin %2,3'ünü oluşturmakla beraber deri kanserlerine bağlı ölümlerin %75'inden sorumludur. Deri kanserine bağlı mortalitenin en sık sebebidir. Ülkemizde malign melanom insidansı erkeklerde 1,9/100.000, kadınlarda 1,3/100.000'dir. Malign melanomun ölümcül seyredebilen bir deri kanseri tipi olduğu göz önünde bulundurulduğunda; bu konudaki güncel rehberlerin takibi, tedavi basamaklarının bu rehberlere uygun şekilde yürütülmesi ve takip parametrelerinin değerlendirilerek literatürle karşılaştırılabilecek güncel yayınlar elde edilmesi hastalığın ülkemizde de uygun şekilde yönetilmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Çalışmamızda, kliniğimizde 2005-2020 yılları arasında tedavi edilmiş kutanöz malign melanom hastalarının demografik verilerini, metastaz durumlarını, evrelemeye ait özelliklerini ve hastaların tedavi sürecindeki ve sonrasındaki durumlarını tespit etmeyi ve kliniğimizin kutanöz malign melanom deneyimlerini paylaşmayı amaçladık. Bunun yanında, saptadığımız bulguların güncel literatür bilgileri ile karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Materyal – Metot: 01.01.2005-31.12.2020 tarihleri arasında Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Plastik, Rekonstrüktif ve Estetik Cerrahi Anabilim Dalı'nda kutanöz malign melanom nedeniyle tedavi edilen hastalar; hastane veri tabanı sistemi Nucleus ve hasta dosyaları üzerinden retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastanın yaşı, cinsiyeti gibi demografik veriler ile tümörün yerleşimi, Breslow kalınlığı, Clark evrelemesi, mitotik indeksi, lenfositik infiltrasyonu, lenfovasküler invazyonu, regresyonu ve histolojik tipi gibi tümöre ait özellikler ortaya konuldu. Bu veriler ışığında elde edilen bilgiler ile lenf nodu tutulumları ile lenf nodlarıyla ilgili tedavi seçenekleri birleştirilerek hastalığın sağkalımına olan etkisi ortaya konuldu. Bulgular: Çalışma kutanöz malign melanom nedeniyle tedavi edilen ve araştırma kriterlerimizi taşıyan 250 hasta üzerinde yapıldı. Hastaların 116'sı kadın 134'ü erkek olup erkek/kadın oranı 1,15'di. Hastaların median yaşı 61'di. En sık görülen histolojik tip nodüler malign melanomdu (%42,8). Kutanöz malign melanomun en sık yerleşim gösterdiği bölge baş-boyun bölgesiydi (%36). Çalışmada prognostik faktörlerle ilgili bulgulara da yer verilmiştir. Breslow kalınlığına göre yapılan sınıflandırmada ortalama ii 3,35mm kalınlık ile en fazla T3 evre tümör olduğu saptandı (%29,6). Cinsiyet ve yerleşim yerinin Breslow kalınlığına göre yapılan karşılaştırılmasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı (sırasıyla p=0,664 ve p=0,091). Prognostik faktörler arasında yapılan karşılaştırmalarda; ülserasyon durumu ve mitoz sayısının Breslow kalınlığı ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark gösterdiği, tümör kalınlığı arttıkça ülser varlığı ile mitoz sayısında artış gözlendiği saptandı (sırasıyla p<0,001 ve p<0,001). Çalışmada nodal tutulum olup olmadığına da bakıldı. Sentinel lenf nodu biyopsisi yapılan 146 hastadan 44 tanesinde lenf nodu pozitif gelmiş ve 41 hastaya tamamlayıcı lenf nodu diseksiyonu prosedürü uygulanmıştır. Bu hastalardan 26'sında lenf nodu metastazı olduğu saptanmıştır. 37 hastaya ise klinik ve radyolojik değerlendirmeler neticesinde biyopsi yapılmadan elektif lenf nodu diseksiyonu proseüdürü uygulanmış, 27 hastada lenf nodu metastazı olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışmamızda tümör kalınlığı ile sentinel lenf nodu metastazı arasında da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır (p=0,003). Tümör kalınlığı arttıkça sentinel lenf nodu metastazı görülme yüzdesi artış göstermektedir. Tümöre ait prognostik faktörlerle lenf nodu metastazının istatistiksel karşılaştırmalarında; ülserasyon ve mitotik indeks ile lenf nodu metastazı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (p=0,001 ve p=0,010). Breslow kalınlığı ile sentinel lenf nodu metastazının lokorejyonel nüks ve uzak metastaz ile olan ilişkileri de çalışmamızda değerlendirilen parametreler arasındadır. T3-T4 evre tümörlerde nüks/metastaz görülme ihtimali yüzdesel olarak yüksek ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p=0,007). Sentinel lenf nodu pozitifliği ile nüks/metastaz arasında da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (p<0,001). Hastaların 5 yıllık sağkalımı da araştırılmıştır. Yerleşim bölgesi ile sağkalım arasında istatistiksel fark saptanmazken; Breslow kalınlığı ve sentinel lenf nodu metastazı ile sağkalım arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (sırasıyla p=0,016 ve p=0,039). Sonuç: Malign melanom deri kanserine bağlı mortalitenin en sık sebebidir. Demografik veriler, tümöre ait özellikler ve nodal durum; hastalığın prognozu ile yakından ilişkilidir. Evreleme ve tedavi planlamasında önemli yer tutan bu parametrelerin ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirilmesi ve literatür ile karşılaştırılması; kliniğimizin güncel yaklaşımlarla olan yakın ilişkisi açısından oldukça değerlidir. iii Anahtar Sözcükler: Malign Melanom, Breslow, Sentinel Lenf Nodu Biyopsisi, Lenf Nodu Diseksiyonu
Objective: Although malignant melanomas account for 2.3% of all skin cancers, they are liable for 75% of deaths due to skin cancers. It is the most prevalent cause of mortality due to skin cancer. In our country, the incidence of malignant melanoma has been shown to be 1.9/100.000 in men and 1.3/100.000 in women. Granting that malignant melanoma is quite deadly skin cancer, following up-to-date diagnostic guidelines regarding this subject, completing the treatment steps per these treatment guidelines, and obtaining up-to-date publications that can be compared with the literature by evaluating the follow-up parameters are gaining more importance for the proper management of the disease in our country. The aim of this study was to identify the demographic data, staging characteristics, lymph node status characteristics, pre- treatment and post-treatment conditions of malignant melanoma patients treated in our clinic between 2005 and 2020, and to share our clinical experience in malignant melanoma. The secondary aim of our study was to reveal the compliance of our clinic with the current diagnostic and treatment guidelines with a literature review and to compare the results. Materials and Methods: Patients treated for malignant melanoma in Ondokuz Mayis University Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2020 were retrospectively evaluated through the hospital database system Nucleus and patient files. Demographic data such as the age and gender of the patient as well as tumor characteristics such as tumor location, thickness, Clark staging, mitotic index, lymphocytic infiltration, lymphovascular invasion, regression, and histological type were reported. In the light of these data, the impact of the disease on survival was evaluated by merging the treatment options for lymph node involvement and lymph nodes. Results: Our study is a retrospective study conducted on 250 patients who were administered for malignant melanoma in our clinic and met the study criteria. Of the patients, 116 were female and 134 were male, with a male to female ratio of 1.15. The median age of the patients was 61 years. The most common histological type was nodular malignant melanoma (42.8%). The most common location of primary melanoma was the head and neck region, constituting 36% of the patients. The study v covered a wide range of statistical evaluations for prognostic factors. The classification based on the Breslow thickness revealed that T3 tumors were the most common type with an average thickness of 3.35mm. (29.6%). The statistical analyses of gender and location by the Breslow thickness showed no significant difference (p=0.664 and p=0.091, respectively). The comparisons between tumor prognostic factors and tumor thickness revealed that the number of ulcerations and mitoses showed a statistically significant difference with the Breslow thickness (p<0.001 and p <0.001, respectively). The nodal status was also evaluated in detail in our study. Of the 146 patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy, 44 had positive lymph nodes and 41 patients underwent a completion lymph node dissection procedure. Twenty-six of these patients were found to have lymph node metastasis. As a result of clinical and radiological evaluations, 37 patients underwent an elective lymph node dissection procedure without biopsy, and 27 patients were found to have lymph node metastasis. Our study also showed a statistically significant correlation between tumor thickness and sentinel lymph node metastasis (p=0.003). As the tumor thickness increased, the incidence of sentinel lymph node metastasis increased. The statistical comparisons of tumor prognostic factors and lymph node metastasis revealed a statistically significant difference between ulceration and mitotic index and lymph node metastasis (p=0.001 and p=0.010). The parameters evaluated in our study also included the correlation of the Breslow thickness and sentinel lymph node metastasis with locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis. The rate of risk for recurrence/metastasis in T3-T4 tumors was found to be high and statistically significant (p=0.007). There was also a statistically significant difference between sentinel lymph node positivity and recurrence/metastasis (p<0.001). The 5-year survival rate of the patients evaluated between 2005 and 2015 was also calculated in our study. While there was no statistically significant difference between tumor location and survival, a statistically significant difference was found between the Breslow thickness and sentinel lymph node metastasis (p=0.016 and p=0.039, respectively). Conclusion: Malignant melanoma is the most prevalent cause of mortality due to skin cancer. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, and nodal status are closely associated with the prognosis of the disease. A comprehensive evaluation of these parameters, which play an important role in staging and treatment planning, and a vi comparison of them with the literature is very valuable in terms of the close relationship of our clinic with current approaches. Keywords: Malignant Melanoma, Breslow, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Lymph Node Dissection
Objective: Although malignant melanomas account for 2.3% of all skin cancers, they are liable for 75% of deaths due to skin cancers. It is the most prevalent cause of mortality due to skin cancer. In our country, the incidence of malignant melanoma has been shown to be 1.9/100.000 in men and 1.3/100.000 in women. Granting that malignant melanoma is quite deadly skin cancer, following up-to-date diagnostic guidelines regarding this subject, completing the treatment steps per these treatment guidelines, and obtaining up-to-date publications that can be compared with the literature by evaluating the follow-up parameters are gaining more importance for the proper management of the disease in our country. The aim of this study was to identify the demographic data, staging characteristics, lymph node status characteristics, pre- treatment and post-treatment conditions of malignant melanoma patients treated in our clinic between 2005 and 2020, and to share our clinical experience in malignant melanoma. The secondary aim of our study was to reveal the compliance of our clinic with the current diagnostic and treatment guidelines with a literature review and to compare the results. Materials and Methods: Patients treated for malignant melanoma in Ondokuz Mayis University Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2020 were retrospectively evaluated through the hospital database system Nucleus and patient files. Demographic data such as the age and gender of the patient as well as tumor characteristics such as tumor location, thickness, Clark staging, mitotic index, lymphocytic infiltration, lymphovascular invasion, regression, and histological type were reported. In the light of these data, the impact of the disease on survival was evaluated by merging the treatment options for lymph node involvement and lymph nodes. Results: Our study is a retrospective study conducted on 250 patients who were administered for malignant melanoma in our clinic and met the study criteria. Of the patients, 116 were female and 134 were male, with a male to female ratio of 1.15. The median age of the patients was 61 years. The most common histological type was nodular malignant melanoma (42.8%). The most common location of primary melanoma was the head and neck region, constituting 36% of the patients. The study v covered a wide range of statistical evaluations for prognostic factors. The classification based on the Breslow thickness revealed that T3 tumors were the most common type with an average thickness of 3.35mm. (29.6%). The statistical analyses of gender and location by the Breslow thickness showed no significant difference (p=0.664 and p=0.091, respectively). The comparisons between tumor prognostic factors and tumor thickness revealed that the number of ulcerations and mitoses showed a statistically significant difference with the Breslow thickness (p<0.001 and p <0.001, respectively). The nodal status was also evaluated in detail in our study. Of the 146 patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy, 44 had positive lymph nodes and 41 patients underwent a completion lymph node dissection procedure. Twenty-six of these patients were found to have lymph node metastasis. As a result of clinical and radiological evaluations, 37 patients underwent an elective lymph node dissection procedure without biopsy, and 27 patients were found to have lymph node metastasis. Our study also showed a statistically significant correlation between tumor thickness and sentinel lymph node metastasis (p=0.003). As the tumor thickness increased, the incidence of sentinel lymph node metastasis increased. The statistical comparisons of tumor prognostic factors and lymph node metastasis revealed a statistically significant difference between ulceration and mitotic index and lymph node metastasis (p=0.001 and p=0.010). The parameters evaluated in our study also included the correlation of the Breslow thickness and sentinel lymph node metastasis with locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis. The rate of risk for recurrence/metastasis in T3-T4 tumors was found to be high and statistically significant (p=0.007). There was also a statistically significant difference between sentinel lymph node positivity and recurrence/metastasis (p<0.001). The 5-year survival rate of the patients evaluated between 2005 and 2015 was also calculated in our study. While there was no statistically significant difference between tumor location and survival, a statistically significant difference was found between the Breslow thickness and sentinel lymph node metastasis (p=0.016 and p=0.039, respectively). Conclusion: Malignant melanoma is the most prevalent cause of mortality due to skin cancer. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, and nodal status are closely associated with the prognosis of the disease. A comprehensive evaluation of these parameters, which play an important role in staging and treatment planning, and a vi comparison of them with the literature is very valuable in terms of the close relationship of our clinic with current approaches. Keywords: Malignant Melanoma, Breslow, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Lymph Node Dissection
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