Publication: Tarihi Yığma Yapıların Restorasyonuna Yönelik Performans Analizi: Amasya Bimarhanesi Örneği
Abstract
Türkiye'de 06.02.2023 tarihinde Kahramanmaraş İli Pazarcık ve Elbistan İlçelerinde 7,7 ve 7,6 büyüklüklerinde depremler meydana gelmiştir. Meydana gelen depremler Kahramanmaraş ve çevresinde bulunan birçok ilde çok sayıda can kaybı ve yapı hasarlarına yol açmıştır. Hasar alan veya yıkılan yapılardan bazıları da tarihi açıdan büyük öneme sahip yapılardır. Kahramanmaraş depremine benzer büyüklükte bir depremin Amasya'da olması durumunda bu bölgede bulunan tarihi yapılarda oluşabilecek hasarları öngörmek ve gerekli tedbirleri almak amacıyla bu çalışmada uygulama örneği olarak Amasya ilinde tarihi önemi büyük olan İlhanlı dönemine ait yığma bir yapı olan Bimarhane (Darüşşifa)'nin deprem performansı değerlendirilmiştir. Bimarhanenin mimarisi, tarihçesi, yapı malzemeleri, restorasyon geçmişi ve mevcut durumu hakkında bilgi verilerek, yığma yapı hasarları ve onarım güçlendirme tekniklerinden bahsedilmiştir. Amasya Bimarhane yapısının üç boyutlu modeli oluşturularak, ANSYS Workbench sonlu elemanlar analiz programı kullanılarak statik ve dinamik analizleri yapılmıştır. Bimarhane'nin deprem performansını belirlemek için; zaman tanım alanı yöntemine göre yapılan doğrusal ve doğrusal olmayan analizlerde Kahramanmaraş ili Pazarcık ve Elbistan ilçelerinde 06.02.2023 tarihinde meydana gelen 7,7 ve 7,6 MW büyüklüğündeki depremler ile Erzincan depremi (1992) ivme kayıtları kullanılarak; yer değiştirme, eşdeğer gerilme, asal çekme gerilmeleri ve kayma gerilmeleri hesaplanmış ve bulgular yorumlanmıştır. Yapılan analizlerin sonucunda üç farklı depremde oluşan ötelenme oranlarına göre Bimarhane'nin özellikle Kuzey-Güney doğrultusunda performansının daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Gerilme ve deformasyonların özellikle revakların orta açıklıklarında, revakları taşıyan orta sütunların alt ve üst uçlarında, revakların ön-arka duvarlarla mesnetlendikleri noktalarda, tonozların duvarlarla mesnetlendikleri noktalarda, taç kapının bulunduğu duvarın üst bölgelerinde, giriş kapısının üst kemerinde yoğunlaştığı görülmektedir. Hasar alabileceği tespit edilen bu bölgelerin restorasyonuna yönelik onarım ve güçlendirme önerilerinde bulunulmuştur.
Earthquakes with magnitudes of 7.7 and 7.6 occurred in Pazarcık and Elbistan Districts of Kahramanmaraş Province on 06.02.2023 in Turkey. The earthquakes that occurred caused many deaths and structural damage in Kahramanmaraş and many surrounding provinces. Some of the buildings that were damaged or destroyed were the largest buildings owned by some dates. In case an earthquake of similar magnitude to the Kahramanmaraş earthquake occurs in Amasya, the earthquake performance of Bimarhane (Darüşşifa), which is a masonry structure belonging to the Ilkhanid distribution, which has great historical importance in Amasya province, was evaluated as an example of this application in order to predict the damages and take the necessary actions by hiding them in these regional historical buildings. Detailed information about the architecture, history, building materials, repair history and current condition of the bimarhane, masonry building damages and repair-oriented techniques are mentioned. A three-dimensional model of the Amasya Bimarhane structure was created and static and dynamic analyzes were performed using the ANSYS Workbench finite element analysis program. To determine the earthquake in Bimarhane; In linear and non-linear analyzes made according to the time domain, the 7.7 and 7.6 MW earthquakes that occurred on 06.02.2023 in Pazarcık and Elbistan districts of Kahramanmaraş province and the Erzincan earthquake (1992) may be accelerated; displacement, displacement stresses, principal tensile stresses and shear stresses were calculated and the findings were interpreted. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that Bimarhane was lower, especially in the North-South, according to the drift rates that occurred in three different earthquakes. It is seen that the stresses and deformations are concentrated especially in the middle openings of the cloisters, at the lower and upper ends of the middle columns containing the cloisters, at the points where the cloisters are supported by the front-back walls, at the points where the vaults are supported by the walls, in the upper parts of the wall where the crown door is located, and at the top of the entrance door. Maintenance and suggestions were made for the repair of these areas that were detected to be damaged.
Earthquakes with magnitudes of 7.7 and 7.6 occurred in Pazarcık and Elbistan Districts of Kahramanmaraş Province on 06.02.2023 in Turkey. The earthquakes that occurred caused many deaths and structural damage in Kahramanmaraş and many surrounding provinces. Some of the buildings that were damaged or destroyed were the largest buildings owned by some dates. In case an earthquake of similar magnitude to the Kahramanmaraş earthquake occurs in Amasya, the earthquake performance of Bimarhane (Darüşşifa), which is a masonry structure belonging to the Ilkhanid distribution, which has great historical importance in Amasya province, was evaluated as an example of this application in order to predict the damages and take the necessary actions by hiding them in these regional historical buildings. Detailed information about the architecture, history, building materials, repair history and current condition of the bimarhane, masonry building damages and repair-oriented techniques are mentioned. A three-dimensional model of the Amasya Bimarhane structure was created and static and dynamic analyzes were performed using the ANSYS Workbench finite element analysis program. To determine the earthquake in Bimarhane; In linear and non-linear analyzes made according to the time domain, the 7.7 and 7.6 MW earthquakes that occurred on 06.02.2023 in Pazarcık and Elbistan districts of Kahramanmaraş province and the Erzincan earthquake (1992) may be accelerated; displacement, displacement stresses, principal tensile stresses and shear stresses were calculated and the findings were interpreted. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that Bimarhane was lower, especially in the North-South, according to the drift rates that occurred in three different earthquakes. It is seen that the stresses and deformations are concentrated especially in the middle openings of the cloisters, at the lower and upper ends of the middle columns containing the cloisters, at the points where the cloisters are supported by the front-back walls, at the points where the vaults are supported by the walls, in the upper parts of the wall where the crown door is located, and at the top of the entrance door. Maintenance and suggestions were made for the repair of these areas that were detected to be damaged.
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