Publication: Tiroid Nodüllerinde Maligniteye ve İnce İğne Aspirasyon Biyopsi'nin Yanlış Negatifliğine Etki Eden Faktörler ve ATA 2006 ve Bethesda Sınıflamalarının Karşılaştırılması
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Giriş: Erişkinde palpe edilebilen tiroid nodüllerinin oranı %3-7 olmasına rağmen son yıllarda hastalıkların tanısında görüntüleme yöntemlerinin daha sık kullanılması ile birçok asemptomatik hastada tiroid nodülü saptanmaktadır (1). İnce iğne aspirasyon biyopsinin (İAB) tiroid nodullerinin malignite açısından değerlendirilmesinde en uygun maliyetli ve en az invazif yöntem olduğu kabul edilmiştir. Amaç: Tiroid nodüllerinde maligniteye ve İAB yanlış negatifliğine (YN) etki eden faktörleri ve İAB değerlendirmesinde kullanılan The American Thyroid Association Guidline 2006 (ATA 2006) ve Bethesda Sistemi sonuçlarının karşılaştırılmasını amaçladık. Gereç ve yöntem: Bu çalışmada ocak 2005 ve aralık 2013 yılları arasında Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Genel Cerrahi Kliniğinde, tiroidektomi uygulanmış, ardışık 1504 hasta retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Erkek cinsiyet, servikal lenfadenopati (LAP) varlığı, solid nodül yapısı, mikrokalsifikasyon, hipoekoik ve soğuk nodül olması malignite için risk faktörleri olduğu bulundu. Ayrıca çok değişkenli analizde, tiroid kanser riski; indeks nodülde mikrokalsifikasyon olması ile 1.7 kat, hipoekoik olması ile 2.6 kat, solid olması ile 1.7 kat ve servikal LAP olması ile 4.6 kat artmaktadır. Dört cm ve daha büyük nodüllerde YN %7, 4cm den küçük nodüllerde ise %3'dür. Bethesda öncesi dönemde YN oranı %3.2, sensitivitesi %91, spesifitesi %60, pozitif prediktif değeri (PPD) %34, negatif prediktif değeri (NPD) ise %97, doğruluk %66 olarak hesaplandı. Bethesda Sisteminde YN oranı %4.9, sensitivitesi %95, spesifitesi %39, PPD %41, NPD %95, doğruluk %57 olarak hesaplandı. Çıkarım: Erkek cinsiyet, servikal LAP, solid nodül, mikrokalsifikasyon, hipoekoik ve soğuk nodül olması malignite için risk faktörleridir. Nodül boyutu yanlış negatif sonuçlarda önemli bir faktördür. ATA 2006 ve Bethesda sistemi sonuçlarımız birbirine yakındır. Hastanemizin ilgili disiplinlerinin BS konusundaki deneyimi bu çalışmanın sonuçlarının da analizi ile giderek artacaktır.
Background: Although the rate of palpable thyroid nodules in adults were 3-7%, thyroid nodules are detected in many asymptomatic patients with more frequent use of imaging techniques in the diagnosis of disease in recent years. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)is accepted the most cost effective and the less invasive method for the evaluation of thryoid nodules in terms of malignancy. Aim: We aimed to investigate the factors which affect malignancy of thyroid nodules and false negativity(FN)of FNAB and the comparison of results from The American Thyroid Association Guideline 2006(ATA 2006)and Bethesda System which are used in FNAB assessment. Materials and methods: In this study,1504 consecutive patients who were performed thyroidectomy, between January 2005 and December 2013 in Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical Faculty Hospital General Surgery Department were examined retrospectively. Results: Male gender, cervical lymphadenopathy (LAP) presence, solid nodule structure, microcalcifications, hypoechoic and cold nodules presence were found to be associated with malignancy. In addition in the multivariate analysis, the risk of thyroid cancer increases 1.7 times due to microcalcification presence in the index nodule; 2.6 times when nodule is hypoechoic; 1.7 times when nodule is solid and 4.6 times due to cervical LAP presence in the nodule. FN is 7% in nodules greater than or equal to 4cm and is 3% in nodules smaller than 4cm. In the period before Bethesda; the rate of FN was 3.2%, sensitivity was 91%, specificity was 60%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 34%, negative predictive value (NPV) was 97% and accuracy was 66%.In Bethesda System; the rate of FN was 4.9%, sensitivity was 95%, specificity was 39%, PPV was 41%, NPV was 95% and accuracy was 57%. Conclusion: Male gender, cervical LAP, solid nodule structure, microcalcifications, hypoechoic and cold nodules presence were found to be associated with malignancy. Nodule size is an important factor in false negative results. ATA 2006 and the Bethesda System, our results are close to each other. The experience of the related disciplines of our hospital will gradually increase also along with the analysis of results of this study.
Background: Although the rate of palpable thyroid nodules in adults were 3-7%, thyroid nodules are detected in many asymptomatic patients with more frequent use of imaging techniques in the diagnosis of disease in recent years. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)is accepted the most cost effective and the less invasive method for the evaluation of thryoid nodules in terms of malignancy. Aim: We aimed to investigate the factors which affect malignancy of thyroid nodules and false negativity(FN)of FNAB and the comparison of results from The American Thyroid Association Guideline 2006(ATA 2006)and Bethesda System which are used in FNAB assessment. Materials and methods: In this study,1504 consecutive patients who were performed thyroidectomy, between January 2005 and December 2013 in Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical Faculty Hospital General Surgery Department were examined retrospectively. Results: Male gender, cervical lymphadenopathy (LAP) presence, solid nodule structure, microcalcifications, hypoechoic and cold nodules presence were found to be associated with malignancy. In addition in the multivariate analysis, the risk of thyroid cancer increases 1.7 times due to microcalcification presence in the index nodule; 2.6 times when nodule is hypoechoic; 1.7 times when nodule is solid and 4.6 times due to cervical LAP presence in the nodule. FN is 7% in nodules greater than or equal to 4cm and is 3% in nodules smaller than 4cm. In the period before Bethesda; the rate of FN was 3.2%, sensitivity was 91%, specificity was 60%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 34%, negative predictive value (NPV) was 97% and accuracy was 66%.In Bethesda System; the rate of FN was 4.9%, sensitivity was 95%, specificity was 39%, PPV was 41%, NPV was 95% and accuracy was 57%. Conclusion: Male gender, cervical LAP, solid nodule structure, microcalcifications, hypoechoic and cold nodules presence were found to be associated with malignancy. Nodule size is an important factor in false negative results. ATA 2006 and the Bethesda System, our results are close to each other. The experience of the related disciplines of our hospital will gradually increase also along with the analysis of results of this study.
Description
Tez (tıpta uzmanlık) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2014
Libra Kayıt No: 108109
Libra Kayıt No: 108109
Keywords
Genel Cerrahi, Biyopsi-İğne, Neoplazmlar, Neoplazmlar, Teşhis, Teşhis Testleri, Teşhis-Ayırıcı, Tiroid Hastalıkları, Tiroid Neoplazmları, General Surgery, Tiroid Nodülleri, Biopsy-Needle, Neoplasms, Neoplasms, Diagnosis, Diagnostic Tests, Diagnosis-Differential, Thyroid Diseases, Thyroid Neoplasms, Thyroid Nodule
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