CRISPR vs. Nematodes: A New Era of Genetic Solutions for Potato Crop Protection

Abstract

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), a cornerstone of global food security, is valued for its nutritional value and diverse uses but faces significant production problems caused by plant-parasitic nematodes, particularly potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). These pests cause significant yield and economic losses worldwide, worsened by the persistence of nematode cysts in the soil and the limited use of chemical nematicides due to environmental concerns. This review focuses on nematode biology, their impact on potato production, and various control strategies. It highlights the transformative potential of CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing for the development of nematode-resistant potato varieties through precision genetic modifications, as well as resistance traditionally established by transferring resistance genes. Successful applications of CRISPR/Cas in potato, including targeting susceptibility genes such as StDND1 and StDMR6-1 for disease resistance, demonstrate its efficacy, although nematode-specific applications remain under-explored. Challenges in genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9, such as polyploidy, off-target effects, and problems in the gene delivery system, have been addressed. Future perspectives are discussed, emphasizing the need for strategic advancements in CRISPR-based approaches to develop superior cultivars with durable, broad-spectrum resistance to agricultural stressors.