Publication: Antibiyotiğe Dirençli Escherichia Coli Suşlarına Spesifik Litik Bakteriyofaj İzolasyonu ve Litik Spektrumlarının Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Escherichia coli, kanatlı hayvanlarda kolibasillozise neden olan patojen bir bakteridir. Kolibasillozis tedavisinde antibiyotikler yoğun şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Buna karşın, antibiyotiklerin fazla ve yanlış şekilde kullanılması neticesinde son zamanlarda E. coli suşlarının antibiyotiklere dirençli hale gelmesi kolibasillozisle mücadeleyi zorlaştırmakta ve önemli bir problem olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bakteriyofajlar, bakterileri enfekte eden virüsler olarak tanımlanmakta ve antibiyotiklere alternatif olarak düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma kolibasillozis şüpheli etlik piliçlerden izole edilen çoklu antibiyotik dirençli E. coli suşlarına karşı litik etkili bakteriyofaj izolasyonu ve litik aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada E. coli izolasyonu için 14 kolibasillozis şüpheli etlik piliç sekumları kullanılmıştır. Bakteriyofajların tespiti, 14 sekum içeriğinin birleştirilmesiyle oluşturulan karışımdan soft agar yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda 14 adet E. coli izolasyonu gerçekleştirilmiş olup seçilen 6 suşun antibiyotik direnç profilleri belirlenerek E. coli suşlarının en az 3 antibiyotiğe dirençli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Suşların dirençli oldukları antibiyotikler sırasıyla linkomisin (%100), basitrasin (%100), amoksisilin (%83), siprofloksasin (%83), sülfametoksazol (%67), kolistin (%17) ve ampisilin (%17) olarak belirlenmiştir. Buna karşın, E. coli suşlarının tetrasiklin ve gentamisine duyarlı oldukları belirlenmiştir. Spot test yöntemiyle, çoklu antibiyotik dirençli 6 E. coli suşuna karşı 4 bakteriyofaj tespit edilmiş olup bunların 3 tanesi (BF1, BF2, BF4) saflaştırılmıştır. İzole edilen bakteriyofajların titreleri çoğaltma öncesi 1.41 x 106 ile 2.04 x 106 PFU/ml arasında bulunurken, çoğaltma sonrası 4.02 x 108 ile 4.36 x 1011 PFU/ml arasında tespit edilmiştir. Bakteriyofajların, çalışmada kullanılan konak bakterilerin haricinde, 9 klinik E. coli suşuna karşı litik spektrumları belirlenmiş olup BF1 fajının ve üç fajın karıştırılmasıyla oluşturulan faj kokteylinin litik spektrumu %22.2 bulunurken, BF2 ve BF4 fajları klinik suşlara litik etki göstermemiştir.
Escherichia coli is a pathogenic bacterium that causes colibacillosis in poultry. Antibiotics are used extensively in the treatment of colibacillosis. On the other hand, as a result of excessive and incorrect use of antibiotics, E. coli strains have become resistant to antibiotics recently. This complicates the fight against colibacillosis and emerges as an important problem. Bacteriophages are defined as viruses that infect bacteria and can be considered as an alternative to antibiotics. This study was carried out to isolate lytic bacteriophages against E. coli strains obtained from colibacillosis-suspected broilers and to determine the lytic activities of isolated bacteriophages against various clinical E. coli strains. In the study, the cecums of 14 colibacillosis suspected broilers were used for the isolation of E. coli. Detection of bacteriophages was carried out by the soft agar method from the mixture formed by combining 14 caecum samples. As a result of the study, 14 E. coli were isolated and antibiotic resistance profiles of 6 selected strains were determined. E. coli strains were found to be resistant to at least 3 antibiotics. E. coli strains were found to be resistant to lincomycin (100%), bacitracin (100%), amoxicillin (83%), ciprofloxacin (83%), sulfamethoxazole (67%), colistin (17%) and ampicillin (17%). In contrast, E. coli strains are sensitive to tetracycline and gentamicin antibiotics. Four bacteriophages were detected by spot test method against 6 multi-antibiotic resistant E. coli strains and 3 of them (BF1, BF2, BF4) were purified. The titers of isolated bacteriophages were found between 1.41 x 106 and 2.04 x 106 PFU/ml before amplification, and between 4.02 x 108 and 4.36 x 1011 PFU/ml after amplification. The lytic spectra of bacteriophages were determined against 9 clinical E. coli strains in addition to the host bacteria used in the study. While the lytic spectrum of the BF1 phage and the phage cocktail prepared by mixing all three phages were found to be 22.2%, the BF2 and BF4 phages did not show lytic activity against the clinical strains.
Escherichia coli is a pathogenic bacterium that causes colibacillosis in poultry. Antibiotics are used extensively in the treatment of colibacillosis. On the other hand, as a result of excessive and incorrect use of antibiotics, E. coli strains have become resistant to antibiotics recently. This complicates the fight against colibacillosis and emerges as an important problem. Bacteriophages are defined as viruses that infect bacteria and can be considered as an alternative to antibiotics. This study was carried out to isolate lytic bacteriophages against E. coli strains obtained from colibacillosis-suspected broilers and to determine the lytic activities of isolated bacteriophages against various clinical E. coli strains. In the study, the cecums of 14 colibacillosis suspected broilers were used for the isolation of E. coli. Detection of bacteriophages was carried out by the soft agar method from the mixture formed by combining 14 caecum samples. As a result of the study, 14 E. coli were isolated and antibiotic resistance profiles of 6 selected strains were determined. E. coli strains were found to be resistant to at least 3 antibiotics. E. coli strains were found to be resistant to lincomycin (100%), bacitracin (100%), amoxicillin (83%), ciprofloxacin (83%), sulfamethoxazole (67%), colistin (17%) and ampicillin (17%). In contrast, E. coli strains are sensitive to tetracycline and gentamicin antibiotics. Four bacteriophages were detected by spot test method against 6 multi-antibiotic resistant E. coli strains and 3 of them (BF1, BF2, BF4) were purified. The titers of isolated bacteriophages were found between 1.41 x 106 and 2.04 x 106 PFU/ml before amplification, and between 4.02 x 108 and 4.36 x 1011 PFU/ml after amplification. The lytic spectra of bacteriophages were determined against 9 clinical E. coli strains in addition to the host bacteria used in the study. While the lytic spectrum of the BF1 phage and the phage cocktail prepared by mixing all three phages were found to be 22.2%, the BF2 and BF4 phages did not show lytic activity against the clinical strains.
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Keywords
Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji, Mikrobiyoloji, Veteriner Hekimliği, Antibiyotikler, Bakteriyofajlar, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Escherichia Coli, Microbiology, Veterinary Medicine, Escherichia Coli Enfeksiyonları, Antibiotics, Bacteriophages, Kanatlı Hayvanlar, Escherichia Coli, Escherichia Coli Infections, Veteriner Hekimlik, Poultry, Veterinary Medicine, İlaçlara Direnç, Drug Resistance
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