Publication: Havacılık Sektöründe Çalışanların İş Yüklerinin Sonuçları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Abstract
Dünyadaki hızlı değişimler hem çalışma yaşamının dinamiklerini hem de bu alandaki tartışılan konuları etkilemektedir. Son yıllarda dünyada ve ülkemizde bir yandan sivil havacılık sektörü hızla gelişerek her düzeyden müşteriye hitap etmekte, diğer yandan bu sektördeki müşteri beklentileri de giderek artmaktadır. Hem müşterilerden hem de örgüt yönetimlerinden gelen fiziksel, zihinsel ve duygusal iş yükü talepleri çalışanları zorlamakta ve bazı olumsuz sonuçlarla karşı karşıya bırakmaktadır. Uzun vadede sadece çalışanları değil örgütleri de olumsuz olarak etkileyecek bu sonuçların önlenmesinde çalışanların psikolojik sermayelerinin geliştirilmesi önem arz eden bir konu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de hizmet veren hava yolu şirketlerinde çalışan kabin memurlarının yaşadıkları zihinsel ve duygusal iş yüklerinin işe yabancılaşma ve tükenmişlikleri üzerindeki etkileri, bu etkide kabin memurlarının sahip olduğu psikolojik sermayelerinin aracılık rolü olup olmadığı Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (YEM) ile araştırılmıştır. Kolayda örneklem yöntemiyle seçilen 392 kabin çalışanına Akça vd. (2020) tarafından uyarlanan Zihinsel İş Yükü Ölçeği (Carmen-Q Questionnaire), Diefendorff ve arkadaşlarının geliştirdiği (2005) duygusal emek ölçeği, Oruç (2018)'un Türkçe'ye uyarladığı Psikolojik Sermaye Ölçeği Kısa Formu, Parsak ve Turan'ın (2011) geliştirdiği yabancılaşma ölçeği ve Çapri (2013) tarafından Türkçe'ye uyarlanan Tükenmişlik Ölçeği Kısa Formu uygulanmıştır. Yapılan korelasyon analizleri sonucunda zihinsel ve duygusal iş yüklerinin tükenmişlik ve yabancılaşma ile pozitif yönlü, psikolojik sermayenin tükenmişlik ve yabancılaşma ile negatif yönlü bir ilişkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Duygusal iş yükü ile psikolojik sermaye arasında pozitif ilişki tespit edilmişken zihinsel iş yükü ile herhangi bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Yapısal eşitlik modeli sonucunda kabin ekiplerinin duygusal ve zihinsel iş yükleri ile yabancılaşma ve tükenmişlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkide psikolojik sermayenin kısmi aracı rolü olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İlgili tarafların kabin ekiplerinin iş yüklerini azaltacak ve psikolojik sermayelerini geliştirecek çalışmalar yapmaları çalışanların yaşadığı tükenmişlik ve yabancılaşma düzeylerini azaltmaya yardımcı olacaktır.
Rapid changes in the world affect both the dynamics of working life and the issues discussed in this field. In recent years, the civil aviation sector has been developing rapidly in the world and in our country, appealing to customers at all levels, and on the other hand, customer expectations in this sector are also increasing. Physical, mental and emotional workload demands from both customers and organizational management strain employees and make them face some negative consequences. Improving the psychological capital of employees is an important issue in preventing these consequences, which will negatively affect not only employees but also organizations in the long term. In this study, the effects of mental and emotional workload experienced by cabin attendants working in airline companies serving in Turkey on work alienation and burnout, and whether the psychological capital of cabin crew has a mediating role in this effect, were investigated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Mental Workload Scale (Carmen-Q Questionnaire) adapted by Akça et al. (2020), emotional labor scale developed by Diefendorff et al. (2005) and Psychological Capital Scale adapted into Turkish by Oruç (2018) were administered to 392 cabin workers selected by convenience sampling method. The Short Form of the Alienation Scale developed by Parsak and Turan (2011) and the Burnout Scale Short Form adapted to Turkish by Çapri (2013) were applied. As a result of the correlation analyses, it was found that mental and emotional workloads had a positive relationship with burnout and alienation, and psychological capital had a negative relationship with burnout and alienation. While a positive relationship was found between emotional workload and psychological capital, no relationship was found with mental workload. As a result of the structural equation model, it was determined that psychological capital had a partial mediating role in the relationship between the emotional and mental workload of cabin crews and their alienation and burnout levels. Relevant parties' efforts to reduce the workload of cabin crews and improve their psychological capital will help reduce the levels of burnout and alienation experienced by employees.
Rapid changes in the world affect both the dynamics of working life and the issues discussed in this field. In recent years, the civil aviation sector has been developing rapidly in the world and in our country, appealing to customers at all levels, and on the other hand, customer expectations in this sector are also increasing. Physical, mental and emotional workload demands from both customers and organizational management strain employees and make them face some negative consequences. Improving the psychological capital of employees is an important issue in preventing these consequences, which will negatively affect not only employees but also organizations in the long term. In this study, the effects of mental and emotional workload experienced by cabin attendants working in airline companies serving in Turkey on work alienation and burnout, and whether the psychological capital of cabin crew has a mediating role in this effect, were investigated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Mental Workload Scale (Carmen-Q Questionnaire) adapted by Akça et al. (2020), emotional labor scale developed by Diefendorff et al. (2005) and Psychological Capital Scale adapted into Turkish by Oruç (2018) were administered to 392 cabin workers selected by convenience sampling method. The Short Form of the Alienation Scale developed by Parsak and Turan (2011) and the Burnout Scale Short Form adapted to Turkish by Çapri (2013) were applied. As a result of the correlation analyses, it was found that mental and emotional workloads had a positive relationship with burnout and alienation, and psychological capital had a negative relationship with burnout and alienation. While a positive relationship was found between emotional workload and psychological capital, no relationship was found with mental workload. As a result of the structural equation model, it was determined that psychological capital had a partial mediating role in the relationship between the emotional and mental workload of cabin crews and their alienation and burnout levels. Relevant parties' efforts to reduce the workload of cabin crews and improve their psychological capital will help reduce the levels of burnout and alienation experienced by employees.
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