Publication: St Elevasyonu Olmayan Akut Koroner Sendromlu Hastalarda Risk Belirlemede Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile Ölçülen Koroner Kalsiyum Skorunun Rolünün Değerlendirilmesi
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Amaç: ST elevasyonsuz akut koroner sendromlar altta yatan aterosklerozun yaygınlığı ciddiyeti ve taşıdığı akut trombotik riskteki farklılıklara bağlı olarak morbidite ve mortalitesi değişken farklı heterojen klinik tablolardan oluşmaktadır. Çalışmamızda ST elevasyonu olmayan akut koroner sendromlarda gerek koroner arter hastalığının tespiti, gerek tedavi seçeneğinin yönlendirilmesi, gerekse risk değerlendirilmesi açısından çok kesitli bilgisayarlı tomografi (ÇKBT) ile ölçülen kalsiyum skorunun rolünü araştırdık.Yöntem: Çalışmaya mayıs 2006-mayıs 2007 tarihleri arasında Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Acil Departmanı'na göğüs ağrısı ile başvuran ve klinik, elektrokardiyografik ve laboratuvar incelemeleri sonucunda ST elevasyonu olmayan akut koroner sendrom tanısı konarak Kardiyoloji Koroner Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi'nde takip edilen ve diagnostik koroner anjiografi planlanan 103 hasta alındı. Diagnostik koroner anjiografi öncesi ÇKBT ile koroner kalsiyum skorlaması yapıldı. Diagnostik koroner anjiografide tespit edilen % 70 ve üzerindeki darlıklar ciddi (obstrüktif) KAH olarak kabul edildi. Hastaların GRACE ve TIMI risk skorları ve AHA risk düzeyleri kaydedildi. Agatston yöntemi ile tüm hastaların total ve her damar için ayrı ayrı kalsiyum skorları belirlendi.Bulgular: Çalışma grubunun 49`u (%47.6) erkek, ortalama yaşı 66.3 ± 8.0 olarak hesaplandı. USAP ve NSTEMI hastaları arasında total koroner kalsiyum skoru (KKS) açısından anlamlı fark saptandı (sırasıyla p=0.03). GRACE risk skoru ile total KKS arasında anlamlı ilişki saptandı (p<0.0001, rs=0.538). TIMI ve AHA risk grupları arasında total KKS açısından fark bulundu (p<0.0001). Obstrüktif Koroner Arter Hastalığı (KAH) olanlarda olmayanlara göre total KKS anlamlı olarak farklı bulundu (p<0.0001). Tutulan damar sayısına göre de total KKS farklı bulundu (p<0.0001). Total KKS 100 eşik değerine göre gruplara ayrıldığında gruplar arasında yaş (p<0.0001), cinsiyet (p=0.005), ciddi KAH (p<0.0001) ve son 24 saatte ağrı (p=0.005) açısından fark saptandı. Total KKS için 0 eşik değer olarak alındığında çalışmaya katılan tüm hastalarda ciddi KAH açısından sensitivite %95.0 ve spesifite %44.2 olarak hesaplanırken 400 eşik değer olarak alındığında ise sensitivite %45.0 ve spesifite % 86.0 olarak ölçüldü. Total KKS için eşik değer 0 kabul edildiğinde sensitivite düşük ve orta AHA risk gruplarında %100 ve yüksek AHA risk grubunda %92.5 olarak hesaplandı. 400'ün üzerindeki total KKS değerlerinde spesifite düşük risk düzeyinde %85.3, orta risk düzeyinde %83.3 ve yüksek risk düzeyinde %100 olarak hesaplandı.Sonuç: Yüksek risk grubundaki hastalarda total koroner kalsiyum miktarı daha fazladır. Şiddetli koroner arter hastalığı olanlarda total kalsiyum skoru anlamlı olarak farklıdır. Yaşla birlikte artan plak yüküyle beraber koroner kalsiyum miktarı da artmaktadır. Risk düzeyine bakmaksızın NSTEAKS hastalarında KKS'nin sıfır olması durumunda ciddi KAH ihtimali çok düşüktür. Düşük riskli hastalarda bile total KKS 400'ün üzerindeyse ciddi KAH ihtimali oldukça yüksektir. Yüksek riskli hastalarda ise total KKS'nin sıfırdan farklı olması durumunda bile ciddi KAH ihtimali yüksektir. NSTEAKS hastalarında koroner kalsiyum skorlaması risk sınıflandırmasında noninvazif bir görüntüleme testi olarak kullanılabilir.
Aim: Non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes consist of different heterogeneous clinical pictures that have high morbidity and mortality because of differences in severity, dispersion of atherosclerosis and acute thrombotic risk. In this study, we investigated the role of calcium scoring measured by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for the assessment of risk, treatment options and determination of coronary artery disease in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes.Methods: one hundred and three consecutive patients admitted to Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Emergency Department with the complaint of chest pain were included in this study. They were diagnosed as non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome after clinical, electrocardiographic and laboratory assessment, were followed in coronary intensive care unit and were planned to undergo diagnostic coronary angiography. Calcium scoring by MDCT was performed before diagnostic coronary angiography. Seventy percent and more stenosis in coronary arteries was accepted as severe stenosis by diagnostic coronary agiography. GRACE and TIMI risk scores and AHA risc levels of all patients were recorded. Calcium scores of all and each coronary arteries of patients were calculated by Agatston method.Results: Study group included 49 (47,6%) males with mean age of 66.3 ± 8.0 years. There was a significant difference in total coronary calcium score (CCS) between USAP and NSTEMI patients (p=0.03). There was a significant relationship between GRACE risk scores and total calcium scores (p<0.0001, rs=0.538). Difference in total CCS was significant in both TIMI risk score groups and in AHA risk level groups (p<0.0001). Total CCS was significantly different between patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) and without CAD. Total CCS was also different according to severe stenotic vessel numbers (p<0.0001). When the patients were grouped according to total CCS threshold value of 100, there were significant differences between groups regarding age (p<0.0001), gender (p=0.005), and severe CAD (p<0.0001) and angina in last 24 hours (p=0.005). When 0 (zero) was taken as reference value for total CCS in all patients, sensitivity and specificity were calculated as 95.0% and 44.2% respectively. However, sensitivity and specificity were calculated as 45.0% and 86.3% for reference value of 400. When 0 was taken as reference value for total CCS, sensitivity was 100% in low and intermediate AHA risk groups, and was 92.5% in high AHA risk group. With total CCS values over 400, specificity was 85.3, 83.3% and 100% in low, intermediate and high risk groups respectively.Conclusion: Total coronary calcium is increased in patients with high risk group. Total calcium scores are significantly different in patients with significant and severe coronary artery disease. Total calcium increases with plaque burden which is also increased by age. CAD disease probability is very low, when the CCS is 0 in NSTEACS patients without regarding risk level. Also, if CCS is higher than 400, the probability of severe stenosis in at least one coronary artery is very high. Even in low risk patients, probability of severe CAD was high if total CCS was>400. However, in high risk patients probability of severe CAD was high in total CCS of>0. Coronary calcium scoring can be used for both diagnosis and risk stratification in patients with NSTEACS.
Aim: Non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes consist of different heterogeneous clinical pictures that have high morbidity and mortality because of differences in severity, dispersion of atherosclerosis and acute thrombotic risk. In this study, we investigated the role of calcium scoring measured by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for the assessment of risk, treatment options and determination of coronary artery disease in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes.Methods: one hundred and three consecutive patients admitted to Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Emergency Department with the complaint of chest pain were included in this study. They were diagnosed as non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome after clinical, electrocardiographic and laboratory assessment, were followed in coronary intensive care unit and were planned to undergo diagnostic coronary angiography. Calcium scoring by MDCT was performed before diagnostic coronary angiography. Seventy percent and more stenosis in coronary arteries was accepted as severe stenosis by diagnostic coronary agiography. GRACE and TIMI risk scores and AHA risc levels of all patients were recorded. Calcium scores of all and each coronary arteries of patients were calculated by Agatston method.Results: Study group included 49 (47,6%) males with mean age of 66.3 ± 8.0 years. There was a significant difference in total coronary calcium score (CCS) between USAP and NSTEMI patients (p=0.03). There was a significant relationship between GRACE risk scores and total calcium scores (p<0.0001, rs=0.538). Difference in total CCS was significant in both TIMI risk score groups and in AHA risk level groups (p<0.0001). Total CCS was significantly different between patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) and without CAD. Total CCS was also different according to severe stenotic vessel numbers (p<0.0001). When the patients were grouped according to total CCS threshold value of 100, there were significant differences between groups regarding age (p<0.0001), gender (p=0.005), and severe CAD (p<0.0001) and angina in last 24 hours (p=0.005). When 0 (zero) was taken as reference value for total CCS in all patients, sensitivity and specificity were calculated as 95.0% and 44.2% respectively. However, sensitivity and specificity were calculated as 45.0% and 86.3% for reference value of 400. When 0 was taken as reference value for total CCS, sensitivity was 100% in low and intermediate AHA risk groups, and was 92.5% in high AHA risk group. With total CCS values over 400, specificity was 85.3, 83.3% and 100% in low, intermediate and high risk groups respectively.Conclusion: Total coronary calcium is increased in patients with high risk group. Total calcium scores are significantly different in patients with significant and severe coronary artery disease. Total calcium increases with plaque burden which is also increased by age. CAD disease probability is very low, when the CCS is 0 in NSTEACS patients without regarding risk level. Also, if CCS is higher than 400, the probability of severe stenosis in at least one coronary artery is very high. Even in low risk patients, probability of severe CAD was high if total CCS was>400. However, in high risk patients probability of severe CAD was high in total CCS of>0. Coronary calcium scoring can be used for both diagnosis and risk stratification in patients with NSTEACS.
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Tez (tıpta uzmanlık) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2008
Libra Kayıt No: 65038
Libra Kayıt No: 65038
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