Publication: Küresel Kapitalizmle Bütünleşme Sürecinde Türkiye'de Köy Politikası: Samsun Araştırması
Abstract
Günümüzde kırsal alanın dönüşümü, tarımsal üretimin geleceği ve gıda egemenliğine dair güncel sorunlar, özellikle köy nüfusunu hala koruyan çevre ülkelerde köy politikaları üzerine yeniden düşünmeyi zorunlu kılmaktadır. Çalışmanın konusu, dünyada köylülük özelinde yaşanan gelişmeleri veri alarak Türkiye'nin küresel kapitalizmle bütünleşme sürecinin köy politikalarına etkisi ve Samsun ölçeğinde köy ve köylülüğe yansımalarıdır. Çalışmada tarihsel olarak köy politikalarının gelişimi 1924 tarihli Köy Kanunu'nun yürürlüğe girmesinden itibaren ele alınmakta ancak 1980 sonrasına mercek tutulmaktadır. Köy politikaları kamu politikası belgeleri üzerinden incelenirken idari/mekânsal politikalar, hizmet politikaları ve üretim politikaları olarak tasnif edilmiş, 1980 sonrası süreç ise TBMM tutanaklarında köy konusunun ele alındığı görüşmeler üzerinden işlenmiştir. Çalışma öncelikle Türkiye'de bağımlı ve eşitsiz gelişen kapitalizmin belirlediği devlet ile yerel/küresel sermaye ilişkisinden ayrı bir köy politikasının olmadığını göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bunun yanında köye yönelen politikaların sınıfsal çatışma ve siyasi rantla olan yoğun ilişkisi sebebiyle yüzeysel, dönemlik ve güdük kaldığını, neoliberal yeniden yapılanma sürecinde küresel kurumlarla politika üretme pratiğinin kurumsal parçalanmışlık ve politikasızlık yarattığını TBMM tutanakları ve diğer kamu politikaları belgeleriyle gösterebilmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Nihai olarak bu iki amaç doğrultusunda yoğun köy nüfusu ve güçlü tarım olanaklarıyla öne çıkan Samsun'da, ilgili kurum çalışanları ve köylülerle görüşmeler yapılarak bu kurumsal parçalanmışlık ve politikasızlığın alana yansımaları ortaya konmaktadır. Araştırma ve görüşmeler göstermektedir ki Türkiye'nin 1980 sonrasında belirli bir köy politikası yoktur. Neoliberal küresel kapitalizmin belirleniminde inşa edilen köye ilişkin politikaların süreksizliği, etkisizliği ve yaygın olmayışı köylülüğü ekonomik koşulların yarattığı tasfiye süreciyle başbaşa bırakmaktadır.
Nowadays, the current problems regarding the transformation of rural areas, the future of agricultural production and food sovereignty make it necessary to rethink village policies, especially in peripheral countries which still preserve a considerable village population. This study deals with the impact of Turkey's integration with global capitalism on village policies and with its reflections on the village and the peasantry in Samsun, taking into account the developments concerning the peasantry in the world. In this study, the historical development of village policies starting with the enactment the 1924 Village Law is discussed and the period after 1980 is elaborated. Village policies are analyzed through public policy documents, classified as administrative/spatial policies, service policies and production policies, while the post-1980 period is analyzed through the TGNA minutes addressing village issues. The study's primary aim is to show that the village policy is not separate from the relationship between state and local/global capital which is determined by the dependent and uneven development of capitalism in Turkey. In addition, the study aims to show through TGNA minutes and other public policy documents that village oriented policies remain superficial, temporal and deficient due to the effects of class conflict and political rent-seeking on these policies, and that the practice of policy-making with global institutions in the process of neoliberal reconstruction creates institutional fragmentation and 'lack of policy'. Finally, in line with these two objectives, the reflections of institutional fragmentation and lack of policy on the field are revealed through interviews with the relevant institution's employees and peasants in Samsun, as a city that stands out with its dense peasant population and rich agricultural resources. The research and interviews indicate that Turkey lacked a significant village policy after 1980. The discontinuity, ineffectiveness and lack of prevalence of village policies constructed under the influence of neoliberal global capitalism confronts the peasantry with liquidation created by economic conditions.
Nowadays, the current problems regarding the transformation of rural areas, the future of agricultural production and food sovereignty make it necessary to rethink village policies, especially in peripheral countries which still preserve a considerable village population. This study deals with the impact of Turkey's integration with global capitalism on village policies and with its reflections on the village and the peasantry in Samsun, taking into account the developments concerning the peasantry in the world. In this study, the historical development of village policies starting with the enactment the 1924 Village Law is discussed and the period after 1980 is elaborated. Village policies are analyzed through public policy documents, classified as administrative/spatial policies, service policies and production policies, while the post-1980 period is analyzed through the TGNA minutes addressing village issues. The study's primary aim is to show that the village policy is not separate from the relationship between state and local/global capital which is determined by the dependent and uneven development of capitalism in Turkey. In addition, the study aims to show through TGNA minutes and other public policy documents that village oriented policies remain superficial, temporal and deficient due to the effects of class conflict and political rent-seeking on these policies, and that the practice of policy-making with global institutions in the process of neoliberal reconstruction creates institutional fragmentation and 'lack of policy'. Finally, in line with these two objectives, the reflections of institutional fragmentation and lack of policy on the field are revealed through interviews with the relevant institution's employees and peasants in Samsun, as a city that stands out with its dense peasant population and rich agricultural resources. The research and interviews indicate that Turkey lacked a significant village policy after 1980. The discontinuity, ineffectiveness and lack of prevalence of village policies constructed under the influence of neoliberal global capitalism confronts the peasantry with liquidation created by economic conditions.
Description
Keywords
Kamu Yönetimi, Kamu Politikaları, Kapitalizm, Köyler, Köylü Politikası, Köylülük, Küreselleşme, Kırsal Dönüşüm, Samsun, Tarım Politikaları, Yeniden Yapılanma, Public Administration, Public Policies, Capitalism, Villages, Peasant Policy, Being a Villager, Globalization, Rural Transformation, Samsun, Agricultural Policies, Restructuring
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
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End Page
299
