Publication: Malacosoma Neustria (l.) (lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) Larvalarının Barsak Dokusunda Kadmiyum'un Etkisiyle Oluşan Değişikliklerin Işık Mikroskobu Düzeyinde Araştırılması
Abstract
Lepidoptera takımında yer alan Malacosoma cinsine ait türler, konukçu ortaklığı, yayılış ve neden oldukları ekonomik zarar bakımından benzer özellikler gösterirler. Önemli zararlılar arasında yer alan Malacosoma neustria (L.) türüde yüksek popülasyon ve beslenme yoğunluğu açısından besin zincirinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Metal kontaminasyonunun şehirleşme ve endüstrileşmenin sonucu olarak çevreyi tehdit etmektedir. Ağır metal birikimi besin zincirinde yer alan canlıları da etkilemektedir. Kadmiyum, ağır metaller arasında modern toksik metal olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Doğada genellikle kadmiyum oksit, kadmiyum klorür, kadmiyum sülfat veya çinko ile bağlı olarak bulunmaktadır. Çevresel etmenlere dayanıklı olmaları ve çözünürlük özellikleri sayesinde birçok organizma yapısına ulaşabilmektedirler. Toprak ve suda birikerek, çevre kirliliğine de neden olmakta, önce su veya topraktaki organizmalara buradan da besinlerle birlikte hayvanlara geçerek besin zinciri yoluyla insana ulaşmaktadırlar. Belirli organ ve dokularda birikmeleri nedeniyle zararlı etki göstermektedirler. M. neustria larvaları farklı kadmiyum klorür (CdCl2) konsantrasyonları (10, 30, 50 µg/L) ile bulaştırılmış besinlerle beslenerek ağır metallerin olumsuz etkileri ortaya konulmaya çalışmıştır. Beslenme sonrası çıkarılan sindirim kanalı %10'luk tamponlanmış nötral formalin ile fikse edilerek histolojik doku takibi aşamaları uygulanmıştır. Doku preparatları hematoksilen-eozin, Masson'un üçlü boyaması ve periyodik asit Schiff boyama teknikleri ile boyanmıştır. Kadmiyumun olası etkileri larvaların barsak dokusundaki epitel yükseklikleri, goblet salgı alan çapı ve mikrovillus yükseklik ölçümleri değerlendirilerek yapılmıştır. Çalışmalarımızdan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kadmiyumun etkisi ile epitel dokusunda hücre kayıpları, mikrovillus yapılarında hasar, goblet hücre çapında farklılıklar gözlenmiştir. Barsak yapısında oluşan değişimleri gözlemleyerek bir bitki zararlısı olan M. neustria türü ile mücadele yöntemi geliştirme ve besin zinciri yoluyla diğer canlılarda oluşabilecek zararlı etkilerin azaltılabilmesi için yapılacak çalışmalara da katkı sağlayacaktır.
The species belonging to the genus Malacosoma from ordo Lepidoptera show similar characteristics in terms of host partnership, distribution and the economic damage they caused. Malacosoma neustria (L.) species, which are among the important pests, have an significant place in the food chain because of high population and feeding density. Metal contamination threatens the environment as a result of urbanization and industrialization. Heavy metal accumulation also affects living things in the food chain. Cadmium is considered as a modern toxic metal among heavy metals. It is usually present in nature due to cadmium oxide, cadmium chloride, cadmium sulfate or zinc. Due to their resistance to environmental factors and their solubility properties, they can reach the structure of many organisms. They accumulate in soil and water and cause environmental pollution. They first pass to the organisms in the water or soil and then to the animals and reach the human through the food chain. They have harmful effects due to their accumulation in certain organs and tissues. The larvae of M. neustria were fed with nutrients contaminated with different concentrations (10, 30, 50 µg/L) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and the negative effects of heavy metals were investigated. Post feeding, the digestive tract dissected and fixed with 10% buffered neutral formalin and routine histological techniques were performed. Tissue slides were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's triple staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining techniques. Possible effects of cadmium were detected by evaluating the measurements of the epithelial cell heights of the larvae's epithelial tissue, the diameter of the goblet secretion area and the height of the microvillus. According to the results obtained from our studies, cell losses in epithelial tissue, damage on microvillus structures and differences in goblet cell secretion area diameter were observed with the effect of cadmium. By observing the changes in the intestine structure of M. neustria which is a plant pest, will contribute to the studies to develop a control method and it will also contribute to the studies to reduce the harmful effects that may occur in other living things through the food chain.
The species belonging to the genus Malacosoma from ordo Lepidoptera show similar characteristics in terms of host partnership, distribution and the economic damage they caused. Malacosoma neustria (L.) species, which are among the important pests, have an significant place in the food chain because of high population and feeding density. Metal contamination threatens the environment as a result of urbanization and industrialization. Heavy metal accumulation also affects living things in the food chain. Cadmium is considered as a modern toxic metal among heavy metals. It is usually present in nature due to cadmium oxide, cadmium chloride, cadmium sulfate or zinc. Due to their resistance to environmental factors and their solubility properties, they can reach the structure of many organisms. They accumulate in soil and water and cause environmental pollution. They first pass to the organisms in the water or soil and then to the animals and reach the human through the food chain. They have harmful effects due to their accumulation in certain organs and tissues. The larvae of M. neustria were fed with nutrients contaminated with different concentrations (10, 30, 50 µg/L) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and the negative effects of heavy metals were investigated. Post feeding, the digestive tract dissected and fixed with 10% buffered neutral formalin and routine histological techniques were performed. Tissue slides were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's triple staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining techniques. Possible effects of cadmium were detected by evaluating the measurements of the epithelial cell heights of the larvae's epithelial tissue, the diameter of the goblet secretion area and the height of the microvillus. According to the results obtained from our studies, cell losses in epithelial tissue, damage on microvillus structures and differences in goblet cell secretion area diameter were observed with the effect of cadmium. By observing the changes in the intestine structure of M. neustria which is a plant pest, will contribute to the studies to develop a control method and it will also contribute to the studies to reduce the harmful effects that may occur in other living things through the food chain.
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