Publication: Mütekaddimûn Dönemi Mâtürîdî Kelâmcılarına Göre Haber-i Vâhid Problemi
Abstract
Çalışmamızda mütekaddimûn dönemi Mâtürîdî kelâmcılarının haber-i vâhidi kullanmaları, haber-i vâhide yaklaşımları ve bilgi kaynağı olarak değerlendirmeleri ele alınmıştır. Bilgi kaynakları arasında haber başlığı altında incelenen haber-i vâhid ittifakla amelî konularda delil olarak kabul edilmek ile birlikte, onun itikadî konularda delil olamayacağı bir ilke olarak benimsenmiştir. Bu çerçevede söz konusu kelâmcıların eserlerinde bu ilkeye uyup uymadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Tezimizin ilk bölümünde, bilginin mahiyeti ve bilgi edinme yolları incelenerek kelâm âlimlerinin bilginin imkânını nasıl temellendirdikleri ortaya konmuş ve kabul ettikleri bilgi kaynakları analiz edilerek konunun epistemolojik temeli oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Mütekaddimûn dönemi Mâtürîdî kelâmcılarının bilgi kaynakları olarak kabul ettikleri havâss-ı selîme, sağlam akıl ve doğru haberi temellendirme çabaları incelenmiştir. Tezin ikinci bölümünde, haber-i vâhid ile ilişkili kavramlar etraflı biçimde analiz edilmiştir. Âhâd haber; haber-i vâhid, meşhûr, azîz ve garîb şeklinde alt kategorilere ayrılarak tanımlanmış ve bu haber türlerinin bilgi değeri tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca kelâmcılar ile muhaddisler ve fakihler arasında bu kavramların anlamlandırılmasında ortaya çıkan yaklaşım ve yöntem farklılıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, Mütekaddimûn dönemi Mâtürîdî kelâmcılarının haber-i vâhid konusundaki yöntemleri de ele alınmıştır. Tezin üçüncü bölümünde, Mâtürîdî kelâm ekolünün Mütekaddimûn ve Müteahhirûn dönemi ayrımın metodolojik ve epistemolojik temel dinamikleri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca mütekaddimûn dönemi Mâtürîdî kelâmcıların eserlerinde itikadî konularda yer alan haber-i vâhid rivayetler tespit edilmiş ve tezimizde konuyu daha iyi anlamak için kullanılan bu tür rivayetlerin bilgi değeri analiz edilmiştir. Haber-i vâhidlerin kaynağını tespit ederken rivayet hakkındaki dikkat çekici değerlendirmelere de yer verilmiştir.
In this study, the utilization of khabar al-wāḥid by early (mutaqaddimūn) Māturīdī theologians, their approach to this type of report, and their assessment of it as a source of knowledge are examined. Although khabar al-wāḥid, classified under the category of transmitted reports (khabar) as a source of knowledge, is unanimously accepted as valid evidence in practical (amālī) matters, it has also been adopted as a fundamental principle that it cannot serve as proof in doctrinal (iʿtiqādī) matters. Within this framework, the study investigates whether the aforementioned theologians adhered to this principle in their works. In the first chapter of the thesis, the nature of knowledge and the means of acquiring it are examined in order to uncover how theologians grounded the possibility of knowledge. The accepted sources of knowledge are analyzed to establish the epistemological basis of the study. In this context, the early Māturīdī theologians' efforts to justify sound perception (ḥawāss al-salīma), sound reason, and reliable transmitted reports as valid sources of knowledge are explored. The second chapter provides a detailed analysis of the key concepts related to khabar al-wāḥid. This includes a classification of āḥād reports into subcategories such as khabar al-wāḥid, mashhūr, ʿazīz, and gharīb, along with a discussion of their epistemic value. Differences in interpretation and methodological approach between theologians, hadith scholars, and jurists are also identified and examined. Additionally, the specific methodologies employed by early Māturīdī theologians in their treatment of khabar al-wāḥid are addressed. In the third chapter, the methodological and epistemological foundations of the distinction between the early (mutaqaddimūn) and later (muta'akhkhirūn) periods of the Māturīdī theological school are investigated. Moreover, instances of khabar al-wāḥid reports found in doctrinal discussions within the works of early Māturīdī theologians are identified and analyzed in terms of their epistemic value. In assessing the origin of these reports, notable evaluations and critiques of the transmitters are also taken into consideration to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the subject.
In this study, the utilization of khabar al-wāḥid by early (mutaqaddimūn) Māturīdī theologians, their approach to this type of report, and their assessment of it as a source of knowledge are examined. Although khabar al-wāḥid, classified under the category of transmitted reports (khabar) as a source of knowledge, is unanimously accepted as valid evidence in practical (amālī) matters, it has also been adopted as a fundamental principle that it cannot serve as proof in doctrinal (iʿtiqādī) matters. Within this framework, the study investigates whether the aforementioned theologians adhered to this principle in their works. In the first chapter of the thesis, the nature of knowledge and the means of acquiring it are examined in order to uncover how theologians grounded the possibility of knowledge. The accepted sources of knowledge are analyzed to establish the epistemological basis of the study. In this context, the early Māturīdī theologians' efforts to justify sound perception (ḥawāss al-salīma), sound reason, and reliable transmitted reports as valid sources of knowledge are explored. The second chapter provides a detailed analysis of the key concepts related to khabar al-wāḥid. This includes a classification of āḥād reports into subcategories such as khabar al-wāḥid, mashhūr, ʿazīz, and gharīb, along with a discussion of their epistemic value. Differences in interpretation and methodological approach between theologians, hadith scholars, and jurists are also identified and examined. Additionally, the specific methodologies employed by early Māturīdī theologians in their treatment of khabar al-wāḥid are addressed. In the third chapter, the methodological and epistemological foundations of the distinction between the early (mutaqaddimūn) and later (muta'akhkhirūn) periods of the Māturīdī theological school are investigated. Moreover, instances of khabar al-wāḥid reports found in doctrinal discussions within the works of early Māturīdī theologians are identified and analyzed in terms of their epistemic value. In assessing the origin of these reports, notable evaluations and critiques of the transmitters are also taken into consideration to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the subject.
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