Publication: Avşa ve Marmara Adaları'ndan Aktinobakterilerin İzolasyonu, Polifazik Taksonomisi ve Genom Analizleri
Abstract
Mikrobiyal doğal ürünlerin araştırılması, yeni terapötik ajanların geliştirilmesinde kullanılacak kimyasalların keşfi, tarımsal ve endüstriyel uygulamalar için de dünya çapında büyük önem taşımaktadır. Biyolojik olarak aktif bileşiklerin büyük bir kısmı aktinobakterilerden elde edilmektedir. Aktinobakteriler doğada yaygın olarak bulunan, ekonomik ve biyoteknolojik önemi olan mikroorganizma grubudur. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, ' Avşa ' ve ' Marmara ' Adaları'ndaki topraklarda yaşayan Actinobacteria'nın mikrobiyal çeşitliliğini araştırmak ve 16S rRNA gen dizilerine dayanarak cins düzeyinde türleri tanımlamaktır. Bu adalar Marmara Denizi'nin güneybatısında yer almaktadır ve yapılan literatür taramasında Avşa ve Marmara Adaları ile ilgili herhangi bir Actinobacteria biyoçeşitlilik çalışmasına rastlanmamıştır. Bu tür keşfedilmemiş ekolojik habitatlar, yeni türlerin ve biyoaktif moleküllerin keşfi için potansiyel olarak zengin kaynaklardır. Aktinobakteriler, azot fiksasyonu ve bu prokaryotik mikroorganizmaların rolleri gibi birçok doğal olayda önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu makalede, birden fazla örnekleme alanını inceleyerek ve farklı seçici izolasyon ortamları kullanarak Adalar'daki Actinobacteria varlığı ve çeşitliliğine odaklanılmıştır. Toplam 400 kültürlenebilir Aktinobakteri, on farklı izolasyon ortamı kullanılarak dilüsyon-plak yöntemiyle izole edilmiştir. Bu 400 izolat arasından 112 izolat farklı kültür ortamlarındaki morfolojilerine göre seçilmiştir. İzolatlar 16S ribozomal RNA gen dizilimi ve filogenetik analiz temelinde karakterize edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, 16 farklı cins ile yüksek düzeyde aktinobakteriyel çeşitlilik göstermiştir. Filogenetik analizler sonucunda elde edilen bu cinsler Actinomadura, Actinopolymorpha, Dactylosporangium Geodermatophilus, Kribbella, Jiangella, Microbispora, Micromonospora, Mycolicibacterium, Nonomuraea, Nocardia, Nocardioides, Pseudonocardia, Rhodococcus, Saccharopolyspora ve Streptomyces'tir. Mevcut araştırmamızda birçok izolat yeni türler olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular, Avşa ve Marmara Adaları topraklarının Actinobacteria için iyi bir izolasyon kaynağı olabileceğini göstermiştir.
The research of microbial natural products is of great importance worldwide for the discovery of chemicals to be used in the development of new therapeutic agents, agricultural and industrial applications. Most of the biologically active compounds are obtained from actinobacteria. Actinobacteria are a group of microorganisms that are widely found in nature and have economic and biotechnological importance. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the microbial diversity of Actinobacteria, living in soils in the 'Avşa' and 'Marmara' Islands and to identify species at genus level based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. These islands are located in the southwest of the Sea of Marmara and in the literature review, no Actinobacteria biodiversity studies related to Avşa and Marmara Islands were found. Such unexplored ecological habitats are potentially rich source for discovery sources of novel species and bioactive molecule. Actinobacteria play an important role in many natural phenomena such as nitrogen fixation, roles of these prokaryotic microorganisms. In this article, we focused on the presence and the diversity of Actinobacteria on the Islands by examining multiple sampling sites and using different selective isolation media. A total of 400 culturable Actinobacteria were isolated using ten different isolation media by dilution-plating method. Among the 400 isolates, 112 isolates were selected according to their morphology in different culture media. The isolates were characterized on the basis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The results showed a high level of actinobacterial diversity with 16 different genera. These genera obtained as a result of phylogenetic analyzes are Actinomadura, Actinopolymorpha, Dactylosporangium Geodermatophilus, Kribbella, Jiangella, Microbispora, Micromonospora, Mycolicibacterium, Nonomuraea, Nocardia, Nocardioides, Pseudonocardia, Rhodococcus, Saccharopolyspora and Streptomyces. Many isolates are identified as new species by our current research. Findings from this study showed that the soil of Avşa and Marmara Islands can be a good source of isolation for Actinobacteria.
The research of microbial natural products is of great importance worldwide for the discovery of chemicals to be used in the development of new therapeutic agents, agricultural and industrial applications. Most of the biologically active compounds are obtained from actinobacteria. Actinobacteria are a group of microorganisms that are widely found in nature and have economic and biotechnological importance. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the microbial diversity of Actinobacteria, living in soils in the 'Avşa' and 'Marmara' Islands and to identify species at genus level based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. These islands are located in the southwest of the Sea of Marmara and in the literature review, no Actinobacteria biodiversity studies related to Avşa and Marmara Islands were found. Such unexplored ecological habitats are potentially rich source for discovery sources of novel species and bioactive molecule. Actinobacteria play an important role in many natural phenomena such as nitrogen fixation, roles of these prokaryotic microorganisms. In this article, we focused on the presence and the diversity of Actinobacteria on the Islands by examining multiple sampling sites and using different selective isolation media. A total of 400 culturable Actinobacteria were isolated using ten different isolation media by dilution-plating method. Among the 400 isolates, 112 isolates were selected according to their morphology in different culture media. The isolates were characterized on the basis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The results showed a high level of actinobacterial diversity with 16 different genera. These genera obtained as a result of phylogenetic analyzes are Actinomadura, Actinopolymorpha, Dactylosporangium Geodermatophilus, Kribbella, Jiangella, Microbispora, Micromonospora, Mycolicibacterium, Nonomuraea, Nocardia, Nocardioides, Pseudonocardia, Rhodococcus, Saccharopolyspora and Streptomyces. Many isolates are identified as new species by our current research. Findings from this study showed that the soil of Avşa and Marmara Islands can be a good source of isolation for Actinobacteria.
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