Olfactory Bulb Microstructural Changes in Patients with Nasal Septum Deviation

Abstract

The aim of this study is to assess the microstructural changes to the olfactory bulb (OB) in patients with nasal septum deviation (NSD) using diffusion tensor imaging and to research the association between these changes and the degree of NSD. Methods: Ninety-six patients with NSD (46 males, 50 females) who received diffusion tensor imaging were assessed by 2 independent readers. The patients were separated into 3 groups according to the NSD angle. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the ipsilateral and contralateral OB were measured in all NSD patients by region of interest. Results: According to deviation side, there was significant difference between the right (R) and left (L)OBFA andADCvalues across the 3 groups. In patients with left- and right- sided NSD, FA and ADC values for the left and right OB were significantly different between groups 1 and 3, and groups 2 and 3. There was negative correlation between L-FA (r=-0.481, P=0.001; r=-0.496, P=0.001) and R-FA (r=-0.705, P=0.001; r=-0.286, P=0.02) versus age and deviation angle. However, there was positive correlation between LADC versus age and deviation angle (r=0.493, P=0.001; r=0.482, P=0.001), aswell as positive correlation between R-ADCversus age (r=0.646, P=0.001). Conclusion: This is the first study showing ADC increase and FA decrease associated with axonal damage and microstructural integrity loss based on the side of deviation in NSD patients. It has also shown that this abnormality is directly proportional with NSD degree. © 2019 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.