Publication: Sosyal Sigorta Kapsamı Dışında Kalan Engellilerin Sosyal Güvenliği
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Bu çalışmanın amacı sosyal sigorta sistemi kapsamı dışında kalan engellilerin sosyal güvenliğine ilişkin olarak sosyal yardım ve sosyal hizmetlerin yeri ve önemini tespit etmektir. Engellilere yönelik ulusal ve uluslararası düzenlemeler incelendikten sonra ülkemizde sosyal yardım ve sosyal hizmetlere ilişkin düzenlemeleri inceleyerek bu uygulamaların sosyal hayatta bulduğu karşılığı, engellilerin kendi deneyimlerinde ve ifadelerinden yola çıkarak anlamaya çalışmaktır. Bu amaçla araştırma kapsamının ilk aşamasında 2016 yılı Ağustos ayında Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı bünyesinde yürütülmekte olan Engelli Evde Bakım Hizmeti'nden yaralanmakta olup Tokat il merkezinde yaşıyor olan 848 engellinin 'yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum, eğitim durumu, engel türü, aldığı hizmetten faydalanma süresi, alınan diğer yardımlar engellinin bakım hizmetlerini sağlayan kişinin engelliye yakınlığı'na ilişkin bilgiler elde edilerek engelli profili oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan profilden 14 engelli, profil çalışmasının gösterdiği sonuçlar göz önünde bulundurularak eğitim, yaş, cinsiyet ve medeni durum değişkenlerine dikkat edilerek seçilmiştir. 23-49 yaş arası değişen ve en az bir bedensel engeli bulunan 14 engelli ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Engellilerle yapılan görüşmeler neticesinde elde edilen bulgular; engellilerin bağımsız birer birey olma önündeki en temel nedenler olarak ekonomik sorunlar, eğitimden yoksun olmak, istihdam edilememek, yetenekleri geliştirebilecek alanların olmaması ve çevre düzenlemesinin yetersiz olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Sigorta kapsamı dışında kalan engelliler için sosyal yardımların hayati önem taşıdığı ancak yardımların hak temelli olmaması ve belli koşullara göre sonlandırılabilmesi nedeniyle gelir güvencesi sağlamadığı, bu nedenle engellilerin gelecek kaygısı yaşamasına neden olduğu görülmüştür. Sosyal hizmetlerin edindiği rolün bir yardım kuruluşu niteliğinde olduğu görülmüştür. Sosyal hizmetlerin, engellilerin yeteneklerini geliştirerek tekrar sosyal hayatta bağımsız bir birey olarak bulundurma çabasının aksine engellilere bakım aylığı adıyla nakdi yardımda bulunup engellileri evlere kapatarak tamamen görünmez kıldığı görülmüştür. Anahtar Kelimeler: Engelliler, sosyal güvenlik, sosyal yardım, sosyal hizmet, bağımsız birey.
The aim of this study is to determine the place and importance of social assistance and social services in relation to the social security of disabled people outside the scope of the social insurance system. After examining the national and international regulations on disability, we examine the arrangements for social assistance and social services in our country and try to find out the way these practices are found in social life, starting from the disability's own experiences and expressions. For this purpose, in the first stage of the research, benefiting from the Handicapped Home Care Service which is being carried out within the Ministry of Family and Social Policy in August 2016, 848 hurdles living in the city center of Tokat have been provided with the information about 'age, sex, marital status, time, other help received, information about the obstacle proximity of the person providing the care services of the obstacle'. 14 disabled students were selected by paying attention to educational, age, gender and marital status variables considering the results of the profile study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 disabled people aged 49-23 with at least one physical disability.Findings obtained on the basis of negotiations with the handicapped; the main reasons for the disability to become an independent individual are economic problems, lack of education, lack of employment, lack of space to develop skills, and inadequate environmental regulation. It has been seen that social assistance is vital for those who are not covered by insurance, but because the benefits are not based on rights and can be terminated according to certain conditions, they do not provide income security, thus causing the disabled to live their future anxiety. The role of social services is seen as a charity. It has been seen that, unlike the effort to improve the skills of the disabled and to keep them as an independent individual in social life again, they made the disabled completely invisible by providing cash aid with the name of the pension and closing the obstacles to the houses. Key words: Disability, social security, social assistance, social work, independent individual
The aim of this study is to determine the place and importance of social assistance and social services in relation to the social security of disabled people outside the scope of the social insurance system. After examining the national and international regulations on disability, we examine the arrangements for social assistance and social services in our country and try to find out the way these practices are found in social life, starting from the disability's own experiences and expressions. For this purpose, in the first stage of the research, benefiting from the Handicapped Home Care Service which is being carried out within the Ministry of Family and Social Policy in August 2016, 848 hurdles living in the city center of Tokat have been provided with the information about 'age, sex, marital status, time, other help received, information about the obstacle proximity of the person providing the care services of the obstacle'. 14 disabled students were selected by paying attention to educational, age, gender and marital status variables considering the results of the profile study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 disabled people aged 49-23 with at least one physical disability.Findings obtained on the basis of negotiations with the handicapped; the main reasons for the disability to become an independent individual are economic problems, lack of education, lack of employment, lack of space to develop skills, and inadequate environmental regulation. It has been seen that social assistance is vital for those who are not covered by insurance, but because the benefits are not based on rights and can be terminated according to certain conditions, they do not provide income security, thus causing the disabled to live their future anxiety. The role of social services is seen as a charity. It has been seen that, unlike the effort to improve the skills of the disabled and to keep them as an independent individual in social life again, they made the disabled completely invisible by providing cash aid with the name of the pension and closing the obstacles to the houses. Key words: Disability, social security, social assistance, social work, independent individual
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Tez (yüksek lisans) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2018
Libra Kayıt No: 122854
Libra Kayıt No: 122854
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