Publication: 2010-2018 Yılları Arasında Çocuk Kardiyoloji Polikliniğine Başvuran İzole Ventriküler Septal Defektli Hastaların Retrospektif İncelenmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı izole ventriküler septal defekt (VSD) tanısı koyulan çocuk hastaların demografik özelliklerini, hemodinamik durumlarını, aldıkları tedavileri, prognozları ve gelişen komplikasyonlarını saptamaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi (OMÜTF) Çocuk Kardiyoloji Bilim Dalı'na Ocak 2010-Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında başvuran izole VSD tanısı almış 268 hastanın retrospektif olarak incelenmesiyle yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya alınan vakalara hastanemizin veri tabanından ve ekokardiyografi bilgilerinin kayıtlı olduğu arşiv dökümanlarından ulaşıldı. Araştırmada toplanan verilerin istatistiksel analizi SPSS v.21 programı ile yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastaların %56,3'ü kız ve %43,7'si erkektir. En sık tanı koyulan dönem (%50) hayatın ilk 30 günü olmuştur. En sık (%56,3) müsküler tip VSD saptanmıştır. Hastaların %83,6'sında küçük VSD saptanmıştır. Membranöz defektlerin geniş olma oranı daha yüksek (%35,8) bulunmuştur. Hastaların %91'inde üfürüm saptanmıştır. Hastaların %44,4'ünde defektin kendiliğinden kapandığı görülmüştür. İlk 2 yaşta kendiliğinden kapanma oranı %58,8'dir. Müsküler defektlerin kendiliğinden kapanma oranı membranöz tip VSD'lere göre daha yüksektir. Hastaların % 5,5'ine cerrahi kapatma uygulanmıştır. Geniş membranöz defektlerde cerrahi tedavi ihtiyacı diğer VSD tiplerine göre daha yüksektir. Pulmoner hipertansiyon, hastaların %2,9'unda saptanmıştır. Eisenmenger sendromu gelişen hastamız olmamıştır. Sonuç: Ventriküler septal defekt sık görülen asiyanotik konjential kalp hastalıklarından birisidir. Genel olarak asemptomatik olsa da pulmoner hipertansiyon ve Eisenmenger sendromuna ilerleyebilir. Bu nedenle hastaların yakın izlemi gerekmektedir. Hastalar zamanında tanı almaz ve takip edilmezlerse medikal veya cerrahi tedavi ihtiyacı karşılanmayacağı için VSD komplikasyonları ortaya çıkabilir ve bir zaman sonunda Eisenmenger sendromu gelişmesiyle cerrahi tedavi şansı kaybedilebilir. Cerrahi tedavinin komplikasyon ve mortalite oranları düşüktür; ancak enfeksiyon gibi kardiyak neden dışındaki komplikasyonlar nedeniyle de mortalite gelişebileceğinden ailelerin cerrahi öncesinde detaylı bir şekilde bilgilendirilmesinin önemli olduğunu düşünmekteyiz. Anahtar Sözcükler: Ventriküler septal defekt, konjenital kalp hastalığı, pediatrik kardiyoloji
Aim: The aim of our study was to determine the demographic characteristics, hemodynamic properties, treatments, prognosis and complications of patients diagnosed with isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD). Material and Methods: The study was carried out with a retrospective study of 268 patients diagnosed with isolated VSD in Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine (OMUTF) Department of Pediatric Cardiology between January-2010 and December-2018. The cases included in the study were accessed from the database of our hospital and from archive documents where echo informations were written. The statistical analysis of data was processed with SPSS v.21 program. Results: Of the patients, 56.3% were female and 43.7% were male. The most frequent period in which VSDs were diagnosed (50%) was the first 30 days of life. Muscular VSD was the most common type (56.3%). Small VSDs were detected in 83.6% of the patients. Membranous defects have a higher tendency to be larger (35.8%). Murmur was detected in 91% of the patients. Spontaneous closure was observed in 44.4% of the patients, and the rate of spontaneous closure in the first 2 years of life was 58.8%. The spontaneous closure rate of muscular defects was higher than that of membranous type VSDs. Surgical closure was performed for 5.5% of the patients. The need of surgical closure for large membranous defects was higher than the other types. Pulmonary hypertension was detected in 2.9% of patients. There were not any patients with Eisenmenger syndrome. Discussion: VSD is one of the common acyanotic congenital heart diseases. Although it is generally asymptomatic, it can develop pulmonary hypertension and Eisenmenger syndrome. Therefore, close monitoring of patients is essential. In case of delayed diagnosis time or inappropriate follow up program, the need for medical or surgical treatment will not be met, VSD complications may occur and the chance of surgical treatment may be lost after the development of Eisenmenger syndrome. The complication and mortality rates of surgical treatment are low. However, we think that it is important to inform families before surgery, as mortality may also develop due to complications other than cardiac causes such as infection. Keywords: Ventricular septal defect, congenital heart disease, pediatric cardiology
Aim: The aim of our study was to determine the demographic characteristics, hemodynamic properties, treatments, prognosis and complications of patients diagnosed with isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD). Material and Methods: The study was carried out with a retrospective study of 268 patients diagnosed with isolated VSD in Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine (OMUTF) Department of Pediatric Cardiology between January-2010 and December-2018. The cases included in the study were accessed from the database of our hospital and from archive documents where echo informations were written. The statistical analysis of data was processed with SPSS v.21 program. Results: Of the patients, 56.3% were female and 43.7% were male. The most frequent period in which VSDs were diagnosed (50%) was the first 30 days of life. Muscular VSD was the most common type (56.3%). Small VSDs were detected in 83.6% of the patients. Membranous defects have a higher tendency to be larger (35.8%). Murmur was detected in 91% of the patients. Spontaneous closure was observed in 44.4% of the patients, and the rate of spontaneous closure in the first 2 years of life was 58.8%. The spontaneous closure rate of muscular defects was higher than that of membranous type VSDs. Surgical closure was performed for 5.5% of the patients. The need of surgical closure for large membranous defects was higher than the other types. Pulmonary hypertension was detected in 2.9% of patients. There were not any patients with Eisenmenger syndrome. Discussion: VSD is one of the common acyanotic congenital heart diseases. Although it is generally asymptomatic, it can develop pulmonary hypertension and Eisenmenger syndrome. Therefore, close monitoring of patients is essential. In case of delayed diagnosis time or inappropriate follow up program, the need for medical or surgical treatment will not be met, VSD complications may occur and the chance of surgical treatment may be lost after the development of Eisenmenger syndrome. The complication and mortality rates of surgical treatment are low. However, we think that it is important to inform families before surgery, as mortality may also develop due to complications other than cardiac causes such as infection. Keywords: Ventricular septal defect, congenital heart disease, pediatric cardiology
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