Publication: İngilizce Yazılmış Seyahatnamelerde Orta ve Doğu Karadeniz Bölgeleri Şehir Mimarisi (18 ve 19. Yüzyıllar)
Abstract
Çalışmamızın konusu, 18 ve 19. yüzyıllar arasında İngilizce kaleme alınmış seyahatnamelerdeki Orta ve Doğu Karadeniz Bölgelerindeki şehir mimarisidir. Belirtilen tarihler aralığında Karadeniz Bölgesi hakkında bilgi veren seyahatname sayısının çok fazla olmasından dolayı çalışma kapsamı, sadece İngilizce olarak kaleme alınmış seyahatnamelerle sınırlandırılmıştır. Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi sınırları içerisinde yer alan Sinop, Samsun, Ordu, Tokat, Amasya ve Çorum şehirleri ile Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde yer alan Giresun, Trabzon, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, Rize ve Artvin'e yer veren 47 seyahatname tespit edilmiştir. Karadeniz şehirlerinin gelişme ve olgunlaşma sürecini ortaya çıkarmak, bu şehirlerin günümüz dokusunu anlamak ve sürdürmek önemli görülmektedir. Seyahatnameler bu serüvenin aydınlatılmasında temel kaynak görevi görmektedirler. Bu gerçeklikten yola çıkarak şehirlerin dilinden anlamak ve böylelikle hem şehrin kendine ait değerlerini keşfetmek hem de bu değerlerin sürdürülebilirliğini sağlayarak gelecek kuşaklara aktarımı sağlamak bu çalışmanın temel amacı olmuştur. Bu tür amaçlar doğrultusunda ilgili literatürler taranmış ve konu hakkında öncül bilgiler edinilmiştir. Edinilen bilgilerden yola çıkarak seyahatnamelerin büyük bir çoğunluğu dilimize çevrilmiş ve ilgili şehirlerin ve bu şehirlere bağlı yerleşkelerin 18 ve 19. yüzyıllar arası mimari dokuları ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Şehirlerin tarihi dokusunun gelişim sürecini anlamak, şehirlerin önceki görünümleri ile günümüz görünümleri arasındaki farklılıklarının tespitini yapmak için yerinde incelemeler yapılmış, ayrıca seyahatnamelerde yer bulan şehirler ve mimari dokular gravürlerdeki açılarından fotoğraflanmaya gayret gösterilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; iki yüz yıl süresinde söz konusu bölgelerde de yaşanan gelişmelerin (savaş, afet, ticaret, hastalıklar) Karadeniz şehir yapılanmasını etkilediği; çok sayıda mimari yapının günümüze ulaşamadığı; ulaşanların çoğunun onarım geçirdiği veya günümüzde onarıma ihtiyacı olduğu görülmüştür. Sanat tarihi açısından oldukça kıymetli olan bu bulgular, merkezi ve yerel yönetimlerin şehirlerin geleneksel dokusunun korunması amacıyla zarar görmüş mimari dokuların onarım çalışmalarında fayda sağlayacağı inancı taşınmaktadır.
The subject of our study is the urban architecture in the English travel books by Western travelers who visited the Middle and Eastern Black Sea regions between the 18 and 19th centuries. The fact that the number of travelogues giving information about the Black Sea Region in the specified dates was too high, limited the scope of the study to travel books written only in English. Sinop, Samsun, Ordu, Tokat, Amasya and Çorum cities located within the borders of the Central Black Sea Region and Giresun, Trabzon, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, Rize and Artvin located in the Eastern Black Sea Region in the study 47 travel books were identified. Filling this identified gap has been the main driving force of the research. Revealing the development and maturation process of the Black Sea cities is of great importance in understanding, making sense of and maintaining the contemporary urban fabric of these cities. Travelogues and the engravings found in these travelogues serve as the main source in illuminating this adventure. Based on this reality, the main purpose of this study is to understand the language of cities and thus to discover the values of the city itself and to ensure the sustainability of these values and transfer them to future generations. In line with such purposes, the relevant literature has been researched and preliminary information on the subject has been obtained. Based on the information obtained, most of the travelogues were translated into our language and the architectural structures of the relevant cities and the settlements connected to these cities between the 18 and 19th centuries were revealed. In order to understand the development process of the cities and the historical structures in the cities and to facilitate the determination of the differences between today's their are views, if any, on-site investigations were made, and the cities and architectural structures in the engravings were photographed from similar angles. As a result; In addition, efforts were made to photograph the cities and architectural textures found in the travel books from the angles seen in the engravings. In conclusion; that the developments in these regions (war, disaster, trade, diseases) affected the Black Sea city structure for two centuries; many architectural structures have destroyed; It has been seen that most of the architectural structures who reached it had been repaired or needed repair today. These findings, which are very valuable in terms of art history, have been a valuable guide that central and local governments will refer to in the repair works of damaged architectural structures.
The subject of our study is the urban architecture in the English travel books by Western travelers who visited the Middle and Eastern Black Sea regions between the 18 and 19th centuries. The fact that the number of travelogues giving information about the Black Sea Region in the specified dates was too high, limited the scope of the study to travel books written only in English. Sinop, Samsun, Ordu, Tokat, Amasya and Çorum cities located within the borders of the Central Black Sea Region and Giresun, Trabzon, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, Rize and Artvin located in the Eastern Black Sea Region in the study 47 travel books were identified. Filling this identified gap has been the main driving force of the research. Revealing the development and maturation process of the Black Sea cities is of great importance in understanding, making sense of and maintaining the contemporary urban fabric of these cities. Travelogues and the engravings found in these travelogues serve as the main source in illuminating this adventure. Based on this reality, the main purpose of this study is to understand the language of cities and thus to discover the values of the city itself and to ensure the sustainability of these values and transfer them to future generations. In line with such purposes, the relevant literature has been researched and preliminary information on the subject has been obtained. Based on the information obtained, most of the travelogues were translated into our language and the architectural structures of the relevant cities and the settlements connected to these cities between the 18 and 19th centuries were revealed. In order to understand the development process of the cities and the historical structures in the cities and to facilitate the determination of the differences between today's their are views, if any, on-site investigations were made, and the cities and architectural structures in the engravings were photographed from similar angles. As a result; In addition, efforts were made to photograph the cities and architectural textures found in the travel books from the angles seen in the engravings. In conclusion; that the developments in these regions (war, disaster, trade, diseases) affected the Black Sea city structure for two centuries; many architectural structures have destroyed; It has been seen that most of the architectural structures who reached it had been repaired or needed repair today. These findings, which are very valuable in terms of art history, have been a valuable guide that central and local governments will refer to in the repair works of damaged architectural structures.
Description
Keywords
Sanat Tarihi, 18. Yüzyıl, 19. Yüzyıl, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi, Gravür, Karadeniz Bölgesi, Art History, 18. Century, Kent Mimarisi, 19. Century, Eastern Black Sea Region, Mimari, Gravure, Black Sea Region, Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi, Urban Architecture, Architectural, Seyahatname, Central Black Sea Region, Seyahatname, İngilizce, English
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
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Volume
Issue
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544
