Publication: Sodyum Tuzunun Etkisinde Olan Toprakların Hidrofiziksel Özelliklerinin Geliştirilmesinde Biyoçar ve Kompost Uygulamalarının Etkisi
Abstract
Sera denemesi Ekim 2022'den Ocak 2023'e kadar Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi'nde (Samsun, Türkiye) organik katkı maddelerinin (Biochar ve Compost) tuzdan etkilenen toprakların hidrofiziksel özellikleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amacıyla tuzlu toprakta yüksek konsantrasyonlarda Ca ve Mg ilave edilmiş, sodik toprakta yüksek NaCl içeriği eklenmiş ve tuzlu sodik karışımı olan üç farklı toprak kullanılarak kuruldu. Deneme üç tekrarlamalı tek faktörlü Şansa bağlı tesadüf parselleri (RCPD) desenine göre yapıldı. Sonuçlar, çeşitli toprak özelliklerinde önemli değişiklikleri göstermektedir. Sodik ve tuzlu-sodik toprakta yüksek düzeyde sodyum tuzu, toprağın özellikleri üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. ESP, tuzlu toprağa kıyasla sodik ve tuzlu-sodik toprakta anlamlı olarak (p<0.01) daha yüksekti. Organik karbon ve CEC, tuzlu toprağa göre sodik ve tuzlu toprakta önemli ölçüde daha düşüktü. DR, AS, SSI ve Ks gibi diğer toprak özellikleri de sodyum tuzunun sodik ve tuzlu-sodik topraktaki zararlı etkisinden olumsuz etkilenmiştir. Buna karşılık, biyokömür ve/veya kompost katkı maddeleri, üç toprak için ölçülen toprağın özellikleri üzerinde olumlu bir etki sergiledi. Biyokömür uygulaması, tuzdan etkilenen üç toprakta da pH'ta önemli bir artışa yol açarken, kompostla işlenmiş topraklarda önemli bir düşüş yaşanırken, toprağın pH'ı dikkate değer değişiklikler sergiledi. Değiştirilen tüm topraklarda organik karbon içeriği ve Katyon değişim kapasitesi (CEC) önemli ölçüde artırıldı. Değiştirilebilir sodyum yüzdesi (ESP), tüm değiştirilmiş topraklarda net bir düşüş sergileyerek toprak sodalılığını düşürdü. Hacim ağırlığı (BD) değerleri, kontrole kıyasla değiştirilmiş topraklarda önemli ölçüde daha düşüktü. Dispersiyon oranı (DR) önemli ölçüde azaltıldı ve toplam gözeneklilik (F), Agregat stabilitesi (AS), Sütrüktür Stabilite indeksi (SSI) ve Doygun hidrolik iletkenlik (Ks) düzenleyici uygulanan topraklarda önemli ölçüde artarak daha iyi toprak yapısı, su sızması ve değiştirilmiş topraklarda tutma. Ayrıca, değişiklikler, tarla kapasitesi (FC), kalıcı solma noktası (PWP) ve bitki kullanılabilir suyu (PAW) dahil olmak üzere toprak nemi sabitlerini olumlu yönde etkiledi. Bu bulgular, tuzdan etkilenmiş toprakların hidro-fiziksel özelliklerini iyileştirme ve iyileştirmede biyokömür ve kompost iyileştirmelerinin etkinliğini vurgulayarak, zorlu ortamlarda tarımsal üretkenlik için sürdürülebilir toprak yönetimi stratejilerine ilişkin değerli bilgiler vermiştir.
A greenhouse experiment was conducted from Oct 2022 to Jan 2023 in the Agriculture faculty of Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey to study the efficacy of organic amendments (Biochar and Compost) on the hydro physical properties of salt-affected soils. Three different soils namely: Saline, Saline sodic, and Sodic were made artificially by adding the different salt contents where high concentrations of Ca and Mg were added in saline soil, and high NaCl content was added in Sodic soil and Saline sodic was the mixture of two soils. A single-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) design with three replications was followed. The Results indicate significant alterations in various soil properties. An elevated level of sodium salt in the sodic and saline-sodic soil possesses a significant impact on the properties of the soil. ESP was significantly (p<0.01) higher in sodic and saline-sodic soil compared to saline soil. Organic carbon and CEC were significantly lower in sodic and saline soil relative to saline soil. Other soil properties like DR, AS, SSI, and Ks were also negatively influenced by the harmful effect of sodium salt in sodic and saline-sodic soil. In contrast, the biochar and/or compost amendments exhibited a positive effect on the properties of soil measured for three soils. The pH of the soil exhibited notable changes, with compost-treated soils experiencing a significant reduction, while biochar application led to a substantial increase in pH across all three salt-affected soils. Organic carbon content and Cation exchange capacity (CEC) were significantly enhanced in all amended soils. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) exhibited a clear decline in all amended soils, lowering soil sodicity. Bulk density (BD) values were significantly lower in amended soils compared to the control. Dispersion ratio (DR) was significantly decreased and Total porosity (F), Aggregate stability (AS), Structural Stability index (SSI), and Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) increased significantly in amended soils, enabling better soil structure, water infiltration, and retention in amended soils. Moreover, amendments positively influenced soil moisture constants, including field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), and plant available water (PAW). These findings underscore the effectiveness of biochar and compost amendments in reclaiming and improving the hydro-physical properties of salt-affected soils, thereby offering valuable insights into sustainable soil management strategies for agricultural productivity in challenging environments.
A greenhouse experiment was conducted from Oct 2022 to Jan 2023 in the Agriculture faculty of Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey to study the efficacy of organic amendments (Biochar and Compost) on the hydro physical properties of salt-affected soils. Three different soils namely: Saline, Saline sodic, and Sodic were made artificially by adding the different salt contents where high concentrations of Ca and Mg were added in saline soil, and high NaCl content was added in Sodic soil and Saline sodic was the mixture of two soils. A single-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) design with three replications was followed. The Results indicate significant alterations in various soil properties. An elevated level of sodium salt in the sodic and saline-sodic soil possesses a significant impact on the properties of the soil. ESP was significantly (p<0.01) higher in sodic and saline-sodic soil compared to saline soil. Organic carbon and CEC were significantly lower in sodic and saline soil relative to saline soil. Other soil properties like DR, AS, SSI, and Ks were also negatively influenced by the harmful effect of sodium salt in sodic and saline-sodic soil. In contrast, the biochar and/or compost amendments exhibited a positive effect on the properties of soil measured for three soils. The pH of the soil exhibited notable changes, with compost-treated soils experiencing a significant reduction, while biochar application led to a substantial increase in pH across all three salt-affected soils. Organic carbon content and Cation exchange capacity (CEC) were significantly enhanced in all amended soils. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) exhibited a clear decline in all amended soils, lowering soil sodicity. Bulk density (BD) values were significantly lower in amended soils compared to the control. Dispersion ratio (DR) was significantly decreased and Total porosity (F), Aggregate stability (AS), Structural Stability index (SSI), and Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) increased significantly in amended soils, enabling better soil structure, water infiltration, and retention in amended soils. Moreover, amendments positively influenced soil moisture constants, including field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), and plant available water (PAW). These findings underscore the effectiveness of biochar and compost amendments in reclaiming and improving the hydro-physical properties of salt-affected soils, thereby offering valuable insights into sustainable soil management strategies for agricultural productivity in challenging environments.
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