Publication: Masallarda Büyü Motifi İle Gerçekleşen Dönüşümler
Abstract
Masallar Türk edebiyatında önemli bir yere sahiptir. İçerisinde; mitik öğeler, olağanüstü unsurlar vardır. Bu bakımdan inandırıcılık iddiasında olmayan bir anlatı türüdür. Çocukları eğlendirir, eğitir; yetişkinlere de çeşitli dersler verir. Bu çalışmanın birinci bölümünde masal ve masal hakkında yapılan çalışmalarla ilgili kısa tanıtıcı bilgi verildi. İkinci bölümde incelemeye temel teşkil etmek üzere 'büyü (sihir)' kavramı, farklı kaynaklardan hareketle ortaya konuldu. Tezin ağırlık merkezini oluşturan üçüncü bölümde 'büyü-dönüşüm' ilişkisi masal metinlerinden hareketle araştırıldı. Türkiye'nin her bölgesinden derlenmiş toplamda dokuz masal kitabındaki masallarda büyü-dönüşüm ilişkisi; 'canlıdan canlıya, canlıdan cansıza, cansızdan cansıza, cansızdan canlıya dönüşüm'ler olmak üzere dört ana başlık altında ele alındı ve bu başlıklar da kendi içinde alt başlıklar halinde incelendi. Herbir başlık tablolar halinde bölgelere göre incelendiğinde en çok dönüşümün 'canlıdan canlıya', bunun alt başlığında ise 'hayvandan insana'; en az dönüşümün ise 'cansızdan cansıza' olduğu görüldü. Masallarda dönüşümün en çok birincil kahramanlarda; bazen de baş kahramanın yakını olan ikincil kişilerde gerçekleştiği; bu dönüşümün masallardaki işlevinin mükafat veya cezalandırma olduğu; ders ve ibret verici mahiyetteki anlatılar olması bakımından masalların, çoğu zaman bu dönüşümlerle dinleyicilere (okuyuculara) öğüt de verdiği, bunlar içerisinde en dikkat çekici olan öğüdün, büyüklerin koymuş olduğu bir yasağa uymamanın ne gibi kötü sonuçlar doğuracağı da tesbit edilen hususlar arasındadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Anadolu, masal, büyü, dönüşüm.
The tales have an important position in Turkish literature. There are mythic and extraordinary items. In respect to this, the tales are narrative kind of literature that don't have a characteristic of persuasiveness. It entertains and educates the children and teaches adults a lesson. The first part of the study, the short introductory information is given about the tales and research studies. In second part of the study, it is touched on the concept of the magic on the basis of the study by using different sources. In third part of the thesis, the relationship between magic and transformation is researched based on tales text. Magic and transformation relationship is researched under four main topic among 'alive to alive' 'alive to lifeless' 'lifeless to lifeless', 'lifeless to alive' transformation. The sources of the study are collected from nine tale books in the each region of the Turkey. However, four main topic is examined within under titles as well. When each table is examined according to region, the most transformation is shown on alive to alive, and under title of this, the most transformation is shown on animal to human transformation and the least transformation is shown lifeless to lifeless In tales, the most transformation is appeared in primary characters (heroes) and sometimes it is shown on close characters to main character (hero) called as secondary persons. The function of this transformation is commonly related to rewarding or punishing. This is because, thanks to these transformations, these narratives give readers advices and one of the most remarkable advice is regarding elder people's rules. If characters don't obey elder people's rules they think that encounter bad results. These are among the issues that is examined. Key words: Anatolia, tale, magic, transformation
The tales have an important position in Turkish literature. There are mythic and extraordinary items. In respect to this, the tales are narrative kind of literature that don't have a characteristic of persuasiveness. It entertains and educates the children and teaches adults a lesson. The first part of the study, the short introductory information is given about the tales and research studies. In second part of the study, it is touched on the concept of the magic on the basis of the study by using different sources. In third part of the thesis, the relationship between magic and transformation is researched based on tales text. Magic and transformation relationship is researched under four main topic among 'alive to alive' 'alive to lifeless' 'lifeless to lifeless', 'lifeless to alive' transformation. The sources of the study are collected from nine tale books in the each region of the Turkey. However, four main topic is examined within under titles as well. When each table is examined according to region, the most transformation is shown on alive to alive, and under title of this, the most transformation is shown on animal to human transformation and the least transformation is shown lifeless to lifeless In tales, the most transformation is appeared in primary characters (heroes) and sometimes it is shown on close characters to main character (hero) called as secondary persons. The function of this transformation is commonly related to rewarding or punishing. This is because, thanks to these transformations, these narratives give readers advices and one of the most remarkable advice is regarding elder people's rules. If characters don't obey elder people's rules they think that encounter bad results. These are among the issues that is examined. Key words: Anatolia, tale, magic, transformation
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