Publication: Hindiba (cichorium İntybus L.)' Nın Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde Yem Üretim Amaçlı Kullanım Olanaklarının Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma, son yıllarda üzerinde fazlaca durulan alternatif yem bitkisi olan hindiba (Cichorium intybus L.)'nın Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde yapay mera ve yem bitkisi olarak yalın ve karışık ekimlerdeki performansını belirlemek amacıyla, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama alanında 2017 ve 2018 yılında Tesadüf Blokları Deneme desenine göre yürütülmüştür. Materyal olarak hindiba ile yonca, ak üçgül, çayır üçgülü, gazal boynuzu, çok yıllık çim ve domuz ayrığı bitkilerinin yalın, ikili (Hindiba + diğer yem bitkileri) ve üçlü (Hindiba+baklagil+buğdaygil) karışımları kullanılmıştır. Çalışma iki farklı deneme şeklinde yürütülmüştür. Birinci deneme hindibanın otlatma olgunluğu dönemine ulaştığında, ikinci deneme ise hindibanın tomurcuklanma döneminde hasat edilmiştir. Biçimlerin ortalaması olarak hindibanın bitki boyu otlatma olgunluğu döneminde 19 – 38 cm arasında, tomurcuklanma döneminde ise 19 – 46 cm arasında değişmiştir. İki yılda elde edilen toplam yaş ot verimleri otlatma olgunluğu döneminde 27 480 – 286 850 kg/ha arasında, tomurcuklanma döneminde ise 20 160 – 167 820 kg/ha arasında değişmiştir. İki yılda elde edilen toplam kuru ot verimi otlatma olgunluğu döneminde 7 720 – 63 120 kg/ha arasında, tomurcuklanma döneminde ise 6 400 – 40 920 kg/ha arasında değişmiştir. Otlatma olgunluğu ve tomurcuklanma döneminde, kuru otun ortalama ham protein oranı sırasıyla, % 20.4, 18.3, ADF oranı % 26.1, 28.4, NDF oranı % 43.4, 45.8, NYD değeri 151, 140, Ca içeriği % 1.15, 1.05, K içeriği % 2.84, 2.36, Mg içeriği % 0.35, 0.32 ve P içeriği % 0.38, 0.41 olarak belirlenmiştir. Her iki çalışmada karışık ekim parsellerinden hesaplanan alan eşdeğerlik oranlarına (LER) bakıldığında, tüm karışımların yalın ekimlerden üstün olduğu (LER≥1) belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları incelendiğinde, benzer ekolojilerde hindiba yapay mera tesisinde ya da yem bitkisi olarak değerlendirilicekse çayır üçgülü+domuz ayrığı+hindiba karışımı önerilebilir.
This study was carried out to determine the performance of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) using sole crop or in mixtures in artificial pastures or forage production areas. The study was conducted according to Randomized Block Design in Research and Application Centre of Ondokuz Mayis University, agricultural Faculty during 2017-2018 years. As plant materials, sole crop, binary mixtures (chicory + the others), triple mixtures (chicory + legumes + grasses) of chicory with alfalfa, white clover, red clover, birds-foot trefoil, perennial ryegrass and cocksfoot were used. The study was designed as two different experiments. The first experiment was harvested when chicory reach to grazing stage while the second one was harvested at budding stage of chicory. As average of all cuttings, plant height of chicory was varied from 19 to 38 cm at grazing stage and 19-46 cm at budding. While total fresh forage yields of two years were ranging from 27 480 to 286 850 kg/ha at grazing stage and 20 160 – 167 820 kg/ha at budding stage, hay yields were 7 720 - 63 120 kg/ha at grazing stage and 6 400 - 40 920 kg/ha at budding stage. Some chemical components of hay was determined as follows; 20.4 and 18.3% CP, 26.1 and 28.4% ADF, 43.4 and 45.8% NDF, 151 and 140 RFV, 1.15 and 1.05% Ca, 2.84 and 2.36% K, 0.35 and 0.32% Mg, 0.38 and 0.41% P, respectively at grazing and budding stages. In terms of forage yield all mixtures were superior to sole crops, because LER values of mixtures were higher than 1 (LER≥1). In the lights of two year results obtained from this study, it can be recommended triple mixture of Red clover + Cocksfoot + Chicory for both to artificial pastures and to forage production areas in Central Black Sea region and similar ecological conditions.
This study was carried out to determine the performance of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) using sole crop or in mixtures in artificial pastures or forage production areas. The study was conducted according to Randomized Block Design in Research and Application Centre of Ondokuz Mayis University, agricultural Faculty during 2017-2018 years. As plant materials, sole crop, binary mixtures (chicory + the others), triple mixtures (chicory + legumes + grasses) of chicory with alfalfa, white clover, red clover, birds-foot trefoil, perennial ryegrass and cocksfoot were used. The study was designed as two different experiments. The first experiment was harvested when chicory reach to grazing stage while the second one was harvested at budding stage of chicory. As average of all cuttings, plant height of chicory was varied from 19 to 38 cm at grazing stage and 19-46 cm at budding. While total fresh forage yields of two years were ranging from 27 480 to 286 850 kg/ha at grazing stage and 20 160 – 167 820 kg/ha at budding stage, hay yields were 7 720 - 63 120 kg/ha at grazing stage and 6 400 - 40 920 kg/ha at budding stage. Some chemical components of hay was determined as follows; 20.4 and 18.3% CP, 26.1 and 28.4% ADF, 43.4 and 45.8% NDF, 151 and 140 RFV, 1.15 and 1.05% Ca, 2.84 and 2.36% K, 0.35 and 0.32% Mg, 0.38 and 0.41% P, respectively at grazing and budding stages. In terms of forage yield all mixtures were superior to sole crops, because LER values of mixtures were higher than 1 (LER≥1). In the lights of two year results obtained from this study, it can be recommended triple mixture of Red clover + Cocksfoot + Chicory for both to artificial pastures and to forage production areas in Central Black Sea region and similar ecological conditions.
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